The pyrolysis process for scrap tires involves heating tires in a reactor under an oxygen-free atmosphere to decompose the rubber into smaller molecules.
These smaller molecules are then converted into various useful products such as pyrolysis oil, gas, and solid residues.
This process is both environmentally and economically beneficial as it transforms waste tires into valuable resources and energy.
5 Key Steps to Transform Waste into Valuable Resources
1. Preparation of Tires
Tires are prepared by either keeping them whole, halved, or shredded into chips.
These chips are the principal feedstock for the pyrolysis process.
2. Heating in a Reactor
The tires are placed in a reactor where they are heated in the absence of oxygen.
The initial heating softens the rubber, and as the temperature rises, the rubber polymers disintegrate into smaller molecules.
3. Volatilization and Condensation
These smaller molecules vaporize and exit the reactor.
The vapors can be burned directly for power generation or condensed into a liquid known as pyrolysis oil or bio oil.
Some molecules remain as a gas and can be used as fuel.
4. Solid Residue
The minerals from the tires, about 40% by weight, are removed as a solid residue.
This typically includes carbon black and steel wire.
5. Environmental Impact
When performed correctly, the pyrolysis process is very clean with minimal emissions or waste.
Detailed Explanation
Reactor Conditions
The reactor is heated to temperatures ranging from 100°C to 280°C.
At 100°C, small molecules begin to volatilize, and by 140°C, the tires start to melt.
The temperature is maintained at 260°C-280°C for 6-12 hours to ensure complete pyrolysis.
Products of Pyrolysis
The main products include fuel oil, uncondensable gas, carbon black, and steel wire.
The composition of these products varies depending on the pyrolysis method and temperature.
Feeding and Condensation Systems
The feeding system ensures the proper introduction of tire chips into the reactor.
Post-pyrolysis, the gas vapors are cleaned of dust and impurities, cooled in a condenser, and further filtered to obtain refined oil.
Thermal Decomposition
The thermal decomposition of rubber in the absence of oxygen breaks it down into its constituent parts.
This primarily includes pyrolysis oil, synthetic gas, and char.
The process involves cracking and post-cracking as the material is heated to 450-500°C and above.
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