The method that is mostly used to synthesize single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is chemical vapor deposition (CVD). CVD is the most developed and commonly employed technique for the commercial production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). It offers more flexibility in terms of controlling the diameter, length, and morphology of the nanotubes.
CVD involves the thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon or carbon-containing gas precursors in the presence of a catalyst. The process requires gas-phase rearrangement and catalyst deposition to achieve high cost-effectiveness and limited environmental impact. Catalytic CVD (CCVD) is particularly advantageous for large-scale synthesis of pure CNTs due to its structural controllability and cost-effectiveness.
The choice of operating parameters in the CVD process is crucial for the successful synthesis of carbon nanotubes. Factors such as temperature, carbon source concentration, and residence time play a significant role in determining the productivity and quality of the nanotubes. Optimizing these parameters is essential to achieve desired properties and reduce energy consumption and material requirements.
While CVD is the dominant method for SWCNT synthesis, other techniques such as laser ablation and arc-discharge have also been used in the past. However, CVD has proven to be the most effective and widely adopted method for commercial production.
It is worth noting that CVD is not limited to the synthesis of SWCNTs but can also be used to produce other carbon nanomaterials such as fullerenes, carbon nanofibers (CNFs), graphene, carbide-derived carbon (CDC), carbon nano-onion (CNO), and MXenes. However, in terms of SWCNT synthesis, CVD is the method of choice due to its versatility and scalability.
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