Press forging and hammer forging are two different processes used in metalworking to shape metal workpieces. Here is a comparison between the two:
1. Methodology:
- Hammer forging: Also known as drop hammer forging, this method involves inserting the metal into a die and hammering it into the desired shape. The force applied is sudden and impact-based.
- Press forging: This method applies continuous pressure to manipulate the interior and exterior of the metal workpiece. It is usually done using a forge press machine that applies gradual pressure on the forging dies.
2. Force Application:
- Hammer forging: The force is applied through a series of blows from a hammer. The impact force helps shape the metal rapidly, but it can also cause some deformation and unevenness.
- Press forging: The force is applied gradually and evenly, allowing for more control over the deformation process. This results in a more precise and uniform shape.
3. Types of Forging Presses:
- Hammer forging: Typically uses a mechanical hammer or anvil to deliver the blows.
- Press forging: Can be performed using different types of forging presses, including mechanical presses, hydraulic presses, and screw presses. Each type produces similar shapes but operates differently.
4. Advantages:
- Hammer forging: Can be suitable for shaping metals with high ductility and moderate to low volume production.
- Press forging: Offers several advantages over hammer forging, such as the ability to deform the workpiece completely, controlled compression rate, suitability for high volume production, and the ability to create any size and shape. It also requires less draft and produces less scrap.
5. Industrial Applications:
- Hammer forging: Commonly used for blacksmithing, hand forging, and shaping smaller metal workpieces.
- Press forging: Widely used in industrial applications such as making coins, silver articles, and automatic forging. It is particularly suitable for high volume production.
In summary, hammer forging uses impact force to shape metal workpieces, while press forging applies gradual pressure. Press forging offers more control and precision, making it suitable for high volume production and creating various shapes. Hammer forging, on the other hand, is often used in smaller-scale operations and for metals with high ductility.
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