The hazards of CNT (carbon nanotubes) can be categorized into several aspects:
1. Pulmonary Exposure: Inhalation of CNTs can lead to lung inflammation, which has been linked to the development of lung fibrosis and cancer. This means that CNTs can have harmful effects on the respiratory system if they are inhaled.
2. Toxic Gaseous Precursors: In the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process used to grow CNTs, certain gaseous precursors like Cu(acac)2, B2H6, or Ni(CO)4 may be used. These precursors are poisonous, corrosive, and explosive. If not handled and delivered with caution, they can pose risks to the environment and the health of those exposed to them.
3. Toxic Gaseous Byproducts: During the CVD process, gaseous byproducts such as HF, H2, or CO can be produced. These byproducts are highly toxic and need to be processed properly when released from the vacuum chamber to prevent harm to the environment and individuals.
4. High Temperature Coating: CVD processes deposit thin-film coatings at very high temperatures. However, some substrate materials may have poor thermal stability and cannot withstand these high temperatures. Using such materials can lead to failure in the CVD process and potentially hazardous situations.
It should be noted that while CVD has its benefits, such as the ability to build uniform thickness over substrates, precautions need to be taken to ensure the safety of those working with CVD processes. Following a standard operating procedure (SOP) is necessary to minimize the risks associated with toxic precursors and byproducts in CVD.
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