The machines used to make lab-grown diamonds primarily include the Cubic Press and Belt Press for High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) synthesis, and the Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition (MPCVD) equipment for Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) synthesis.
HPHT Synthesis Machines:
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Cubic Press: This machine utilizes pistons located throughout the device to create high temperature and pressure. These pistons supply pressure from different directions, facilitating the transformation of the catalyst mixture into a molten form. This molten mixture then dissolves the refined graphite and forms layers over the diamond seed, eventually leading to the formation of an HPHT synthetic diamond after cooling.
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Belt Press: This machine generates high pressure using two strong pistons that apply equal pressure in opposite directions. This setup is crucial for maintaining the necessary conditions for diamond synthesis in the HPHT process.
CVD Synthesis Machines: The Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition (MPCVD) equipment is used for CVD synthesis. This method involves growing diamonds from a mixture of hydrocarbon gases at relatively low pressures (under 27 kPa). The MPCVD setup is known for its simplicity and flexibility, allowing for the growth of diamonds on various substrates and over large areas. It also provides control over chemical impurities and the properties of the resulting lab-grown diamond.
Other Methods: There is also a method involving the detonation of explosives to create diamond nanocrystals, known as detonation nanodiamonds. This process forms diamonds measuring up to 5 nm in diameter by detonating carbon-containing explosives within a metal chamber.
Each of these machines and methods plays a crucial role in the production of lab-grown diamonds, ensuring that they meet the high standards required for various applications, including jewelry and advanced technological uses.
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