The temperature for furnace brazing typically ranges from 500°C to 1200°C, depending on the materials being joined and the specific filler metal used. This wide range accommodates different types of metals and alloys, ensuring that the filler metal melts and flows properly to create a strong joint without damaging the base materials.
Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys: For aluminum components, the furnace is heated to a temperature between 575-590°C (1070-1100°F), depending on the specific alloy. Temperature uniformity is crucial, with a tolerance of typically ±5.5°C (±10°F) or better. This is achieved using multiple-zone temperature-controlled furnaces. The vacuum levels must be maintained in the range of 10-5 mbar (10-5 Torr) or better to prevent contamination and ensure the quality of the brazed joint.
Copper and Copper Alloys: In the case of copper and its alloys, the furnace is first evacuated to a low pressure of 10-2 to 10-4 mbar (10-2 to 10-4 Torr) to remove residual air. The temperature is then raised to approximately 955°C (1750°F) for outgassing and to remove surface contamination. The final brazing temperature is typically between 1100–1120°C (2000–2050°F), under an inert-gas partial pressure up to 1 mbar (0.75 Torr) to inhibit the evaporation of copper.
General Brazing Process: The furnace temperature is gradually increased to the brazing temperature to ensure proper heat distribution and minimize thermal stresses. Once the brazing temperature is reached, it is maintained for a specified amount of time to allow the filler metal to melt, flow, and wet the base metals, forming a strong joint. After the brazing process, the furnace is slowly cooled to room temperature to further minimize thermal stress and distortion.
Atmosphere Conditions: The recommended furnace atmosphere conditions for good brazing include a dew point of ≤ -40°C, oxygen content of < 100 ppm, and an inert gas such as nitrogen. These conditions help in creating an environment that is conducive to the brazing process, ensuring the quality and strength of the joint.
In summary, the temperature for furnace brazing varies significantly based on the materials involved but generally falls within the range of 500°C to 1200°C. Proper control of temperature, atmosphere, and cooling rates are essential to achieve high-quality brazed joints.
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