Brazing copper requires precise temperature control to ensure a strong and reliable joint. The optimal temperature range for brazing copper is typically between 1,100 and 1,500°F (593 to 816°C).
4 Key Factors to Consider
1. Temperature Selection for Copper Brazing
The selection of brazing temperature for copper is influenced by several factors. These include the type of atmosphere used in the furnace, the properties of the filler metal, and the specific requirements of the brazing process.
For copper, it is common to use a "wet" hydrogen atmosphere. This is beneficial for removing residual hydrocarbons.
A "wet" hydrogen atmosphere is preferred over "dry" hydrogen. The latter is more suited for removing additional oxides, typically needed when brazing copper to materials high in oxides like stainless steels.
2. Filler Metal Considerations
The brazing temperature should be as low as possible within the recommended range. This ensures the flow of the filler metal and ensures it reacts well with the base metal.
The minimum brazing temperature is usually at least 25°C (50°F) above the liquidus temperature of the filler metal. This is crucial for maintaining the fluidity of the molten braze alloy.
The time spent at the brazing temperature should be sufficient to ensure uniform heating across all parts of the load. This typically ranges from 5 to 10 minutes, but potentially longer for heavier loads.
3. Post-Brazing Cooling
After the brazing process, the cooling cycle is initiated. It is recommended to cool the load to a temperature at least 25°C (50°F) below the solidus temperature of the braze alloy before initiating gas quenching.
This precaution ensures that the molten braze alloy has solidified and will not be dislodged from the joint during the quenching process.
4. Conclusion
The temperature range of 1,100 to 1,500°F (593 to 816°C) for brazing copper is critical for achieving a strong, reliable joint.
The choice of brazing atmosphere, careful selection of filler metal, and controlled cooling processes are all essential components of a successful copper brazing procedure.
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