Graphite rods are used as cathodes in the Hall-Heroult process for extracting aluminum metal from aluminum oxide.
In this process, both the anode and cathode are made of graphite.
4 key points to understand
1. Hall-Heroult Process
This is a major industrial process for the extraction of aluminum.
Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is dissolved in molten cryolite (Na3AlF6) and electrolyzed in a cell.
The process requires a high temperature of about 950 to 980 degrees Celsius.
2. Role of Graphite in the Process
In the Hall-Heroult process, graphite serves a dual role as both the anode and the cathode.
The graphite anode is consumed during the process as it reacts with oxygen ions, releasing carbon dioxide.
The graphite cathode, on the other hand, remains relatively stable and provides a surface for the reduction of aluminum ions.
3. Why Graphite is Used
Graphite is chosen for its electrical conductivity, its resistance to high temperatures, and its stability in the electrolytic environment.
It is also relatively inexpensive and easy to fabricate, which is crucial for large-scale industrial processes.
4. Cathode Properties in the Hall-Heroult Process
As per the desirable properties for cathode materials mentioned in the reference, graphite meets the criteria of being a stable material when in contact with the electrolyte, having a useful working voltage, being easy to fabricate, and having a low cost.
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