The catalyst used in plastic pyrolysis is a modified natural zeolite (NZ) catalyst, which has been enhanced through novel thermal (TA) and acidic (AA) activation processes. This catalyst is particularly effective in the conversion of plastic waste into liquid oil and other value-added products.
Explanation of the Catalyst: The modified natural zeolite catalyst undergoes both thermal and acidic activation to improve its catalytic properties. Thermal activation (TA-NZ) and acidic activation (AA-NZ) are used to enhance the efficiency of the catalyst in promoting the pyrolysis reactions. These modifications help in breaking down the plastic molecules more effectively into smaller molecules of oil, gas, and carbon.
Effectiveness in Different Plastics: The catalyst's effectiveness varies depending on the type of plastic. For instance, polystyrene (PS) shows the highest yield of liquid oil (70% with TA-NZ and 60% with AA-NZ) compared to polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE), which yield less liquid oil under the same conditions. This variation can be attributed to the different chemical structures of these plastics and their respective susceptibilities to the catalytic actions of the zeolite catalyst.
Chemical Analysis of the Produced Oil: The liquid oil produced through catalytic pyrolysis using the NZ catalyst has been analyzed using GC-MS and FT-IR. These analyses reveal that the oil contains a high aromatic content along with some aliphatic and other hydrocarbon compounds. The presence of these compounds indicates that the oil has potential applications in energy and transportation sectors, similar to conventional diesel, after further treatment and refining.
Conclusion: The use of a modified natural zeolite catalyst in plastic pyrolysis significantly enhances the conversion of plastic waste into valuable products, particularly liquid oil. The specific modifications (thermal and acidic activation) of the catalyst play crucial roles in optimizing the pyrolysis process, leading to higher yields of desirable products. This technology not only aids in waste management but also contributes to the production of renewable energy sources.
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