Graphene, a two-dimensional material composed of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, has a wide range of potential applications due to its unique properties such as high conductivity, flexibility, strength, and thermal conductivity. These applications can be broadly categorized into electronics, energy storage, composites, and biosensing/healthcare.
Electronics: Graphene's high electron mobility and conductivity make it an ideal material for electronic applications. CVD-grown graphene is particularly suited for these uses, with potential roles in conductive inks and advanced computing solutions like photonic FPGAs. Graphene-based optical modulators may also be crucial in future 6G protocols.
Energy Storage: Graphene's high surface area to volume ratio and excellent conductivity make it a promising material for batteries and supercapacitors. It can store more energy and charge faster than other materials, potentially revolutionizing fuel-cell technology. Graphene can be deposited using the CVD process onto various materials, enhancing their energy storage capabilities. It has also been integrated with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) for use in nanoelectronic and optoelectronic industries.
Composites: Graphene powders and nanoparticles, produced mainly through the 'top-down' method, are used as additives in polymer composites, coatings, and thermal management systems. These additives can replace traditional materials like carbon black or enable new functionalities, significantly enhancing the properties of the composites.
Biosensing/Healthcare: Graphene biosensors are being developed for diagnostic digitization, particularly in point-of-care (PoC) applications. These sensors leverage graphene's conductivity and sensitivity to detect biological markers, potentially transforming healthcare diagnostics.
In summary, graphene's exceptional properties position it as a versatile material with applications across multiple high-impact sectors. However, challenges remain in mass-producing high-quality graphene at a reasonable cost, which is crucial for its widespread adoption.
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