Dental ceramics are essential materials in modern dentistry. They are used for both aesthetic and functional restoration of teeth.
5 Key Applications in Dentistry
1. Resin-Composite Restorative Materials
Resin composites are widely used in dental restorations. They offer superior aesthetic properties and address concerns about mercury in traditional dental amalgams.
These materials consist of a resin binder and a ceramic filler. The filler is usually pulverized quartz, colloidal silica, or silicate glasses containing strontium or barium.
Although resin composites are aesthetically pleasing, they lack the longevity of dental amalgams. They are prone to degradation and can be compromised by fatigue and thermal cycling.
2. Cementation Agents
Dental ceramics are also used as cementation agents. These materials bond dental prostheses to the natural tooth structure.
Cementation agents need to be biocompatible and able to withstand the oral environment. This ensures a strong and lasting bond between the ceramic prosthesis and the tooth.
3. Fixed Prostheses
Dental ceramics are extensively used in the fabrication of fixed prostheses such as crowns and bridges. Dental porcelain, a type of unglazed ceramic, is particularly used for making crowns and veneers.
Dental porcelain maintains bone density and provides a natural appearance. However, it is softer than natural dentin and requires support from the natural tooth structure or a bonding agent.
In advanced applications, bioceramic implants can serve as porous media to support new bone tissue growth. They can also react with bone or act as resorbable scaffolds for tissue growth.
4. Manufacturing and Processing
The production of dental ceramic restorations involves sophisticated processes. Dental furnaces are used to heat ceramic composites to high temperatures.
These furnaces ensure precise temperature control to prevent shrinkage or distortion of the materials. The fired ceramic pieces are then machined into the final dental prostheses using computer-aided techniques.
5. Bioactive Ceramics
Bioactive ceramics bond to bone through the formation of a layer of hydroxylapatite on their surfaces. Hydroxylapatite is the essential mineral component of bone.
These ceramics play a crucial role in modern dentistry. They provide solutions for both aesthetic and functional restoration of teeth. They are processed through advanced manufacturing techniques to ensure their effectiveness and durability in the oral environment.
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