The process of vacuum melting, also known as vacuum induction melting (VIM), involves the melting of metals and alloys under vacuum conditions using electromagnetic induction. This process is used for refining metals and alloys, removing dissolved and chemical-bonded impurities, resulting in a clean and homogeneous end product.
In the vacuum induction melting process, a refractory lined crucible is enclosed in an induction furnace within a vacuum chamber. The furnace is airtight and capable of withstanding the required vacuum for processing. The metals used in vacuum induction melting typically have high melting points, up to 1800°C.
The main purpose of vacuum processing is to eliminate contamination from the processing environment and reduce the level of impurities in the final product. During the melting process, impurities such as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon are released from the molten metal and pumped out. This helps to ensure the production of high-purity metals and alloys.
Vacuum induction melting is particularly important for the production of high-quality alloys, including superalloys and high-strength steels, which may contain refractory and reactive elements. These materials require vacuum processing to prevent the formation of non-metallic oxide inclusions that can lead to premature part failure.
The vacuum induction melting process is achieved through electromagnetic induction. An alternating current is passed through the induction coil, creating electrical eddy currents in the metal. These eddy currents generate heat, eventually melting the metal charge.
Overall, vacuum induction melting is a crucial process in secondary metallurgy, allowing for the effective degassing of the melt and precise adjustment of alloy composition. It is widely used in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, and electronics, for the production of high-purity metals and alloys with specific properties and performance characteristics.
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