High-temperature furnaces typically use heating elements made from exotic materials such as platinum, tungsten disilicide/molybdenum disilicide, molybdenum (for vacuum furnaces), silicon carbide, and tungsten. These materials are chosen for their ability to withstand extremely high temperatures and their resistance to corrosion and other environmental factors.
Platinum is used due to its high melting point and excellent resistance to oxidation. It is often used in clean technology applications where purity is crucial.
Tungsten disilicide and molybdenum disilicide are compounds that offer very high-temperature stability and are used in furnaces where temperatures can reach up to 3000 °C. These materials are particularly useful in industrial processes that require extreme heat.
Molybdenum is used in vacuum furnaces where its low vapor pressure and high melting point make it ideal for maintaining the integrity of the vacuum environment.
Silicon carbide is commonly used in hot surface igniters for gas ovens and clothes dryers. It is robust and can withstand repeated heating and cooling cycles without degradation.
Tungsten is noted for having the highest duty temperature among common metals, capable of reaching temperatures up to 2800°C. However, its use is limited by its brittleness when exposed to oxygen or water vapor and its sensitivity to changes in emissivity.
These materials are essential in high-temperature furnaces because they not only withstand extreme temperatures but also maintain their structural integrity and efficiency over long periods, ensuring reliable operation in critical industrial and scientific processes.
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