The temperature at which wood begins to undergo pyrolysis is approximately 270°C. This process involves the thermal degradation of wood, leading to the rupture of carbon-carbon bonds and the formation of carbon-oxygen bonds. As the temperature increases, the pyrolytic decomposition of wood becomes more pronounced, with significant changes occurring around 400°C.
Pyrolysis is a thermochemical process that breaks down organic materials, such as wood, without the presence of oxygen. At the initial stage of pyrolysis, around 270°C, wood starts to degrade or carbonize. This degradation involves the breaking of chemical bonds within the wood's structure, primarily carbon-carbon bonds, which are crucial for the stability and integrity of the wood.
As the temperature rises further to around 400°C, the pyrolytic decomposition intensifies. This phase typically requires several hours to complete and is characterized by more extensive chemical changes. At these higher temperatures, the wood's components break down more thoroughly, leading to the formation of various byproducts. These include bio-char, bio-gas, and other volatile compounds. The specific products and their proportions depend on factors such as temperature, pressure, and the duration of exposure to heat.
In summary, wood begins to undergo pyrolysis at a temperature of about 270°C, with more significant decomposition occurring at temperatures around 400°C. This process is critical in the conversion of wood into different forms of carbon and other chemical compounds, which can be used for various energy and material applications.
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