Controlled atmosphere brazing (CAB) is a metal-joining process where a filler metal is heated and distributed between two closely fitting metal parts through capillary action, forming a strong bond upon cooling. This process is typically conducted in a controlled environment, often using inert gases like hydrogen and nitrogen, to prevent oxidation and ensure the cleanliness of the materials.
4 Key Points Explained
1. Heating and Distribution of Filler Metal
In CAB, the filler metal, which can be a silver alloy or other materials like copper or aluminum alloys, is heated to a temperature above its melting point.
This molten filler metal is then drawn into the gap between the two metal parts due to capillary action.
Capillary action is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of, and in opposition to, external forces like gravity.
2. Formation of Bond
As the molten filler metal cools, it solidifies and forms a metallurgical bond with the base metals.
This bond is typically as strong as, or stronger than, the individual metals being joined.
The resulting joint is highly durable and can withstand significant mechanical stress.
3. Controlled Atmosphere
The brazing process is conducted in a controlled atmosphere, often using a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen.
This environment is crucial as it prevents oxidation of the metals and ensures that the surfaces remain clean and free from contaminants.
The atmosphere is typically maintained to have very low levels of oxygen and moisture, ensuring that no oxide layer forms on the metals, which could weaken the bond.
4. Benefits and Applications
CAB is particularly useful for joining dissimilar metals and creating assemblies that require high strength and tight seals, such as in the aerospace and automotive industries.
The process is also economical for large volumes of smaller parts, as it can be automated and is efficient in terms of material usage and energy consumption.
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