The gas commonly used in brazing is hydrogen (H2). This gas is particularly effective in brazing processes due to its ability to act as a brazing flux, which helps protect the surface of the part against oxidation and removes residual oxides. This eliminates the need for additional fluxes, streamlining the process.
Hydrogen as a Brazing Agent: Hydrogen is used in brazing because it is an active agent for the reduction of metal oxides. In the brazing atmosphere, hydrogen helps in maintaining an environment devoid of oxidants, especially oxygen and water, which are crucial to prevent the reformation of oxide layers that could be detrimental to the brazed assembly. The use of hydrogen gas ensures that the brazing atmosphere meets specific conditions such as low oxygen content (< 100 ppm) and low humidity (< -40°C), which are essential for successful brazing.
Alternative Gases: While hydrogen is the primary gas used in brazing, especially for copper, other gases such as nitrogen (N2), helium, and argon are also used as inert gases in brazing processes. Nitrogen is commonly used to displace air/oxygen in the furnace atmosphere and is excellent for copper brazing. Inert gases like helium and argon are used in brazing metals and ceramics, providing a protective atmosphere that prevents oxidation.
Safety Considerations: The use of hydrogen in brazing requires careful handling due to its flammability and potential for causing explosions. Despite its effectiveness, the danger associated with hydrogen limits its use in some applications. Nitrogen, being safer and less reactive, is often preferred as an alternative, especially in industrial settings where safety is paramount.
Conclusion: The choice of gas in brazing depends on the specific requirements of the materials being joined and the operational safety considerations. Hydrogen is highly effective but requires careful handling, while inert gases like nitrogen, helium, and argon provide safer alternatives with effective results in preventing oxidation during the brazing process.
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