Materials used for brazing include a variety of metals and alloys designed to create strong, reliable bonds between components. The most common types of brazing materials are:
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Aluminium-based Brazing Materials: Eutectic aluminium-silicon brazing material is widely used due to its good wettability, fluidity, and corrosion resistance. It is particularly suitable for complex aluminium structures in industries like aviation and aerospace.
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Silver-based Brazing Materials: These materials offer a low melting point and excellent wetting and caulking performance. They are versatile and can be used to braze almost all ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Alloying elements like zinc, tin, nickel, cadmium, indium, and titanium are often added to enhance their properties.
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Copper-based Brazing Materials: These are based on copper and include elements like phosphorus, silver, zinc, tin, manganese, nickel, cobalt, titanium, silicon, boron, and iron to lower the melting point and improve overall performance. They are commonly used for brazing copper, steel, cast iron, stainless steel, and high-temperature alloys.
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Nickel-based Brazing Materials: These materials are based on nickel and include elements like chromium, boron, silicon, and phosphorus to enhance thermal strength and reduce melting points. They are widely used for brazing stainless steel, high-temperature alloys, and other materials requiring high resistance to heat and corrosion.
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Cobalt-based Brazing Materials: Typically based on Co-Cr-Ni, these materials are known for their excellent mechanical properties and are particularly suitable for brazing cobalt-based alloys.
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Titanium-based Brazing Materials: These materials are known for their high specific strength and excellent corrosion resistance. They are used for vacuum brazing, diffusion brazing, and sealing of various materials including titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, graphite, and ceramics.
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Gold-based Brazing Materials: These materials are used for brazing important parts in industries like aviation and electronics. They can braze copper, nickel, logable alloys, and stainless steel.
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Palladium-based Brazing Materials: These are used in various industries including electronics and aerospace. They are available in multiple forms and compositions to suit different brazing needs.
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Amorphous Brazing Materials: Developed through rapid cooling and quenching technology, these materials are used in various applications including plate-fin coolers, radiators, honeycomb structures, and electronic devices.
When selecting a braze alloy, factors such as the method of introduction into the joint, the form of the alloy (e.g., wire, sheet, powder), and the joint design are crucial. Clean, oxide-free surfaces are also essential for achieving sound brazed joints. Vacuum brazing is a preferred method due to its advantages in maintaining material integrity and avoiding contamination.
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