The factors that affect the strength of a brazed joint include:
1. Clearance between parts: The gap between the metal pieces being brazed should be neither too wide nor too narrow. A too-wide gap weakens the bond, while a too-narrow gap can prevent the formation of a strong bond.
2. Base metal composition: The composition of the base metal can influence the strength of the brazed joint. Factors such as carbide precipitation, hydrogen embrittlement, heat-affected-zone characteristics, oxide stability, and sulfur embrittlement can affect the base metal properties.
3. Filler metal selection: The choice of filler metal is crucial in ensuring the quality of the brazed joint. Factors such as melting point, wettability, diffusivity, filling gap ability, and linear expansion coefficient should be considered when selecting the filler metal.
4. Joint design and clearance: The design of the joint plays a significant role in the strength of the brazed joint. An unbroken capillary path with gaps not exceeding 0.1mm is required for most applications. Joints should be self-supporting or self-jigging to avoid the need for expensive furnace jigs.
5. Joint quality: The quality of the brazed joint, including low voids and good penetration, can affect its strength. Proper surface preparation and cleaning of the metal surfaces before brazing are essential to ensure a strong bond.
6. Service temperature: The temperature at which the brazed joint will be subjected to during service can also impact its strength. The choice of base metal and filler metal should be suitable for the intended service temperature.
7. Joint assembly and alignment: Proper assembly and alignment of the components throughout the brazing process are important to maintain the strength of the joint. Clamps or support fixtures can help with proper positioning.
8. Brazing process parameters: Factors such as temperature, time, rate and source of heating during the brazing process can affect the strength of the joint. Controlling these parameters is crucial to produce a mechanically sound brazed joint.
In summary, the strength of a brazed joint is influenced by factors such as clearance between parts, base metal composition, filler metal selection, joint design, joint quality, service temperature, joint assembly and alignment, and brazing process parameters. Considering these factors and ensuring proper control of variables can help produce strong and reliable brazed joints.
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