The two main types of tempering methods are differential tempering and austempering.
Differential tempering, also known as graded tempering or selective tempering, is a process that has been used for centuries. It involves tempering different areas of a material at different temperatures. This process is often used in selective heat treating methods such as case hardening, induction hardening, and flame hardening.
Austempering, on the other hand, is a process commonly used for ferrous metals. It involves heating the material to a specific temperature and then quenching it in a medium such as oil or molten salt. Austempering results in a material with improved mechanical properties, including increased strength and toughness.
These two methods of tempering are important in the steel pipe industry, as they improve the mechanical properties of the metals, ensuring their safe use in applications such as oil, water, or gas pipelines.
Additionally, it is worth mentioning that tempering is often performed after a hardening heat treatment. Hardening involves heating a material to a high temperature and then rapidly cooling it, resulting in a harder material. Tempering is then used to introduce a degree of ductility to the part, making it tougher and less likely to crack under pressure. Tempering allows parts to become tougher and more resistant to wear while retaining their strength.
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