The gas that is undesirable in a brazing atmosphere is oxygen (O2) and water vapor (H2O). Both of these gases contribute to the formation of oxides on the metal surfaces, which can inhibit the brazing process and the quality of the brazed joint.
Oxygen (O2): Oxygen is undesirable in a brazing atmosphere because it can react with the metal surfaces to form oxides. These oxide layers can prevent the filler metal from wetting the base metal properly, which is essential for a strong and effective braze joint. The presence of oxygen can also lead to the formation of hydrofluoric acid in some brazing processes, which is corrosive to the brazed assembly. To avoid these issues, the oxygen content in the brazing atmosphere is typically maintained below 100 ppm.
Water Vapor (H2O): Water vapor is also undesirable as it can lead to the condensation of moisture, which can inhibit the flow of the braze filler metal. The presence of water vapor can increase the dew point of the atmosphere, making it more likely for moisture to condense on the metal surfaces. This can interfere with the brazing process, especially in critical applications where a clean, oxide-free surface is necessary for the filler metal to adhere properly. The humidity in the brazing atmosphere is usually controlled to be less than -40°C dew point to ensure a dry environment.
In summary, maintaining a brazing atmosphere that is free from oxygen and water vapor is crucial for ensuring the proper flow of the filler metal and the formation of a strong, reliable braze joint. This is typically achieved by using inert gases like nitrogen, helium, or argon, and by controlling the oxygen content and humidity levels to very low values.
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