The mechanical properties of graphite include compressive strength, ductility, elastic limit, and endurance limit.
- Compressive strength: The minimum value of compressive strength for graphite is 31 MPa (SI units) and the maximum value is 50.038 MPa (imperial units). This property refers to the ability of graphite to withstand a crushing force without breaking or deforming.
- Ductility: The minimum value of ductility for graphite is 0.00171 (SI units) and the maximum value is 0.00189 (imperial units). Ductility measures the ability of a material to deform under tensile stress, allowing it to be stretched or drawn into a wire.
- Elastic Limit: The minimum value of elastic limit for graphite is 4.8 (SI units) and the maximum value is 11.0229 (imperial units). Elastic limit refers to the maximum stress that a material can withstand without permanent deformation.
- Endurance Limit: The minimum value of endurance limit for graphite is 15.47 (SI units) and the maximum value is 2.61793 (imperial units). Endurance limit represents the maximum stress amplitude that a material can withstand for an infinite number of cycles without failure.
In addition to these mechanical properties, graphite has other advantageous properties. It has extremely high thermal and chemical resistance, excellent thermal shock resistance, high electrical and thermal conductivity, and increasing strength with rising temperature. Graphite is also easy to machine and can be produced with high purity. It is widely used in various industries such as nuclear, metallurgical, semiconductor, solar, continuous casting, and EDM.
Graphite is commonly used as a die material in hot pressing equipment due to its low density, thermal stability, and mechanical strength. However, it has limitations in terms of high pressure applications and reactivity with certain materials. Graphite can react with transition metals, nitrides, and silicides from transition metals.
Furthermore, graphite tubes have the advantage of becoming stronger when heated from room temperature to 2000 °C. They have exceptional thermal shock resistance and are chemically inert, making them suitable for applications where corrosion is a concern. Different impregnants can be used to fill the pores in graphite, and the choice of grade depends on the specific application.
It is important to note that graphite is sensitive to oxygen and should not be exposed to air at elevated temperatures to prevent oxidation and structural failure. Graphite heating elements are thicker than those made of other materials to ensure mechanical stability. Graphitization of graphite at high temperatures enhances its properties, making it suitable for high-temperature applications.
Overall, graphite exhibits a combination of mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties that make it a versatile material for various industrial applications.
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