Porcelain crucibles are made of high-temperature-resistant materials, typically porcelain, alumina, or an inert metal. These materials are chosen for their ability to withstand extremely high temperatures and maintain their strength even when heated.
Porcelain: Porcelain is a ceramic material composed of kaolin, feldspar, and quartz, which are fired at high temperatures. This material is known for its high resistance to heat and its ability to maintain a smooth, non-reactive surface. Porcelain crucibles are commonly used in laboratories for gravimetric chemical analysis due to their affordability and ability to withstand high temperatures without reacting with the substances being heated.
Alumina: Alumina, or aluminum oxide, is another material used in the construction of crucibles. It has a very high melting point and is extremely resistant to thermal shock, making it ideal for applications requiring rapid heating and cooling. Alumina crucibles are often used in high-temperature applications where chemical inertness is crucial.
Inert Metals: Inert metals such as platinum, nickel, and zirconium have also been used to make crucibles. These metals are chosen for their resistance to corrosion and their ability to remain chemically inert even at high temperatures. Platinum crucibles, for example, are used in applications where the material being heated is corrosive and requires a crucible that will not react with it.
Crucibles made from these materials are designed to have a higher melting point than the substances they contain, ensuring that they can withstand the heat of the furnace without melting or degrading. The lids of these crucibles are typically loose-fitting to allow gases to escape during heating, which is crucial for preventing explosions or other hazardous situations.
In summary, porcelain crucibles are made from materials like porcelain, alumina, and inert metals, chosen for their high-temperature resistance and chemical inertness. These properties make them suitable for use in laboratory settings where they are subjected to extreme heat and used to contain chemical compounds during heating processes.
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