The annealing temperature of molybdenum is 1149°C (2100°F) according to the first reference provided. However, it is important to note that there are different types of molybdenum with varying temperature ranges for their applications.
For example, lanthanated molybdenum (MoLa) can be used at temperatures up to 2000°C (3632°F) as stated in the second reference. This type of molybdenum contains lanthanum trioxide particles that provide excellent resistance to recrystallization and high-temperature warpage.
Silicon molybdenum rods, commonly used in various industries such as metallurgy and glass, have a recommended furnace temperature range of 1300℃-1800℃ according to the third reference. These rods are ideal for high-temperature sintering in industrial high-temperature furnaces.
Molybdenum crucibles, used in applications such as sapphire crystal growth furnaces, can withstand working temperature environments above 2000°C as mentioned in the fourth reference. High purity, high density, and precise size are important factors for the success rate and quality of crystal growth.
In terms of molybdenum heating elements, pure molybdenum is a popular choice due to its good balance of temperature resistance, strength, and affordability. It can be used at temperatures up to 1200ºC (2192°F) without the risk of recrystallization, as stated in the fifth reference. TZM (molybdenum-titanium-zirconium) is another option that offers higher strength and a higher crystallization temperature, allowing it to be used at element temperatures up to 1400°C (2552°F).
It is also worth mentioning that tungsten and tungsten alloys can be used in high-temperature applications where other materials may form unwanted eutectics. The selection of the proper tungsten alloy depends on factors such as the component parts being used, equipment construction, and operating temperatures, as mentioned in the last part of the references.
Overall, the annealing temperature of molybdenum is 1149°C (2100°F), but different types of molybdenum have varying temperature ranges for their specific applications.
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