The temperature range used for brazing typically involves temperatures above 840°F (450°C) and can extend up to 2100°F (1150°C) depending on the materials and filler metals involved. The choice of brazing temperature is critical as it must be high enough to melt the filler metal but not so high as to damage the base materials or alter their properties.
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Temperature for Melting Filler Metal: Brazing requires temperatures that are sufficient to melt the filler metal. This typically means the temperature must be at least 25°C (50°F) above the liquidus temperature of the filler metal. The liquidus temperature is the point at which the filler metal transitions from a solid to a liquid state. This ensures that the filler metal flows adequately to form a strong joint.
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Avoiding Damage to Base Materials: The brazing temperature must be carefully selected to avoid overheating the base materials, which could lead to warping, melting, or changes in the material's microstructure that could reduce its strength or corrosion resistance. For instance, when brazing austenitic stainless steel, temperatures within the sensitization range (500-850°C) should be avoided to prevent the precipitation of chromium carbides, which can reduce corrosion resistance.
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Integration with Heat Treatment: In some cases, such as with martensitic stainless steel, the brazing temperature might need to match the quenching temperature to integrate the brazing process with the heat treatment process. Alternatively, the brazing temperature should be lower than the tempering temperature to prevent softening of the base material during brazing.
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Cooling and Quenching: After the brazing process, the parts are allowed to cool slowly to a temperature where the filler metal solidifies, often around 980°C (1800°F). Rapid cooling by gas quenching can then be initiated, but only after ensuring the temperature is at least 25°C (50°F) below the solidus temperature of the braze alloy to prevent the molten alloy from being blown away from the joint during the quench.
In summary, the brazing temperature range is tailored to the specific materials and filler metals used, ensuring that the filler metal melts and flows properly while protecting the base materials from damage. The process involves careful control of heating and cooling to achieve a strong, durable joint without compromising the integrity of the base materials.
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