There are two main types of induction furnaces: core-type (also known as channel) induction furnaces and coreless induction furnaces.
Core-Type Induction Furnace: This type of furnace operates on the principle of a transformer, where electric energy is transferred from one alternating circuit to another. It consists of a primary coil that surrounds an iron core. The furnace has a refractory-lined steel shell containing the molten metal, with an induction unit attached to it. The induction unit includes an iron core in the form of a ring around which the primary induction coil is wound. This setup forms a simple transformer, with the molten metal loops acting as the secondary component. The heat generated within the loop causes the metal to circulate into the main well of the furnace, promoting a stirring action in the melt. This type of furnace is typically used for melting low melting point alloys or as a holding and superheating unit for higher melting point alloys like cast iron.
Coreless Induction Furnace: The coreless induction furnace has a simpler construction, consisting of a refractory vessel and a surrounding coil supported by a steel frame. When an alternating current (AC) flows through the coil, it creates an electromagnetic field that induces eddy currents in the charged material. These eddy currents, flowing through the resistance of the material, heat it according to Joule’s law, eventually melting the charge material. The main components of this furnace include a crucible, a power supply unit with a transformer, inverter, and capacitor bank, charging arrangement, cooling system for the power supply and furnace coil, process control system, and fume extraction equipment. Coreless induction furnaces are widely used in investment casting due to their versatility in handling a variety of metals with minimal melt losses.
Both types of induction furnaces offer a clean, energy-efficient, and well-controlled melting process, making them preferable over other means of metal melting, especially in modern foundries and for applications where environmental concerns are significant.
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