If the sintering temperature is too high, several outcomes can occur:
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Increased Shrinkage: Parts that are sintered at high temperatures can shrink more than expected. This requires manufacturers to plan and adjust their processes accordingly to account for this additional shrinkage.
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Enhanced Material Properties: High-temperature sintering can lead to significant improvements in material properties such as tensile strength, bending fatigue strength, and impact energy. For instance, one study showed increases in tensile strength of 30%, bending fatigue strength increases of 15%, and increases in impact energy of 50%.
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Cost Implications: The use of high-temperature sintering furnaces is much more expensive than conventional furnaces. This increased cost is passed on to the customer, which can be a significant drawback if the product does not sell well or if the enhanced properties are not necessary for the application.
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Process Variability: High-temperature sintering can lead to variability in the production process, potentially resulting in weak and variable parts. This variability can be due to several factors including the atmosphere, temperature, and cooling rate.
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Safety and Environmental Concerns: High-temperature sintering often involves driving off or burning polymer/wax components, which can be toxic and irritant. Proper ventilation and safety precautions are required to handle hot and potentially inflammable evaporative/combustion processes.
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Improvement in Material Purity and Performance: A vacuum environment during the sintering process can prevent oxidation reactions and impurity contamination, thereby improving the purity and performance of the material. High temperatures promote the bonding and diffusion between original powder particles, achieving grain growth and densification.
In summary, while high-temperature sintering can lead to enhanced material properties and improved purity and performance, it also comes with increased costs, potential for greater shrinkage, process variability, and safety concerns. Manufacturers must carefully consider these factors when deciding on the sintering temperature for their specific applications.
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