The temperature of hot forging typically involves heating metals to a range where they can be easily deformed without straining the material, often above the upper critical temperature of the metal. In the context provided, hot forging is described as using temperatures high enough to facilitate easy material deformation, with specific examples indicating that temperatures can reach up to 900°C or more.
Detailed Explanation:
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Heating to Above the Upper Critical Temperature: In the process of protective atmosphere normalizing, metals are heated about 37°C above their upper critical temperature, which is around 900°C. This temperature is relevant to hot forging as it indicates the range at which metals can be heated to facilitate deformation without causing strain or damage to the material.
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Use of High Temperature Materials: The reference mentions that for high temperatures, materials like molybdenum and tungsten are used, with tungsten capable of withstanding temperatures up to 2,500 °C. While these materials are not directly used in hot forging as described, they provide a context for understanding the high-temperature capabilities of certain materials, which is pertinent to the conditions required in hot forging.
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Hot Pressing and Its Temperature Range: Hot pressing, another process involving high temperatures, is used to fabricate hard and brittle materials. This process involves heating up to 2,400 °C, which is significantly higher than typical hot forging temperatures but illustrates the range of temperatures used in metalworking processes that involve heat.
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Inductive Heating in Metalworking: Inductive heating, used in various metalworking processes, operates in a temperature range of 175-730°C, with special applications reaching up to 925°C. This range overlaps with the temperatures used in hot forging, indicating the practical operational temperatures for heating metals in industrial processes.
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Specifics of Hot Forging: The text directly addresses hot forging, stating that it allows for the best material deformation due to the addition of heat. Although the exact temperature is not specified, it is implied that the temperatures are high, likely similar to those used in protective atmosphere normalizing (around 900°C), to ensure the material can be easily shaped without excessive force or damage.
In summary, hot forging typically involves heating metals to a range above their upper critical temperature, often around 900°C, to facilitate easy deformation and the creation of complex geometries without straining the material. This high-temperature treatment is crucial for the effectiveness and efficiency of the forging process.
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