Pyrolysis is a process of thermal decomposition of various compounds or materials.
The temperature range at which pyrolysis starts is typically around 400-800°C in an oxygen-free atmosphere or with very little oxygen present.
There are different types of pyrolysis reactions, including slow pyrolysis, flash pyrolysis, and fast pyrolysis.
At what temperature range does pyrolysis start at? (400-800°C)
1. Slow Pyrolysis
Slow pyrolysis is characterized by lengthy solids and gas residence times, low temperatures, and slow biomass heating rates.
The heating temperatures range from 0.1 to 2°C per second, and the prevailing temperatures are nearly 500°C.
The residence time of gas may be over five seconds, and that of biomass may range from minutes to days.
During slow pyrolysis, tar and char are released as the main products as the biomass is slowly devolatilized.
2. Flash Pyrolysis
Flash pyrolysis occurs at rapid heating rates and moderate temperatures between 400 and 600°C.
The vapor residence time in flash pyrolysis is less than 2 seconds.
Flash pyrolysis produces fewer amounts of gas and tar compared to slow pyrolysis.
3. Fast Pyrolysis
Fast pyrolysis is primarily used to produce bio-oil and gas.
Biomass is rapidly heated to temperatures of 650 to 1000°C, depending on the desired amount of bio-oil or gas products.
Char is accumulated in large quantities during fast pyrolysis and needs to be removed frequently.
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