What is the purpose of post-deposition heat treatment at 700°C for Al coatings? Enhance Oxidation Resistance

The primary purpose of performing a post-deposition heat treatment at 700°C in an argon atmosphere is to initiate solid-state diffusion between the deposited aluminum and the stainless steel substrate. This thermal process drives aluminum atoms into the iron and nickel matrix, converting the initial coating into stable iron-aluminum (FeAl) intermetallic compounds.

By transforming the surface layer into a diffusion zone, this treatment creates a stable reservoir of aluminum. This reservoir is essential for the continuous formation of a protective alpha-alumina film during subsequent exposure to high-temperature steam oxidation.

The Mechanism of Diffusion

Integrating Coating and Substrate

The 700°C temperature is critical because it provides the necessary thermal energy to mobilize atoms within the solid state.

Rather than letting the aluminum sit exclusively on the surface, this heat drives the atoms to diffuse deeply into the substrate material.

Formation of Intermetallic Compounds

As the aluminum diffuses, it reacts chemically with the iron and nickel present in the stainless steel.

This reaction transforms the distinct coating layer into a unified intermetallic phase, specifically iron-aluminum (FeAl).

This phase acts as a thermal barrier and provides superior structural integrity compared to a raw aluminum deposition.

Long-Term Protection Strategy

Creating an Aluminum Reservoir

The ultimate goal of this process is not just the immediate formation of FeAl, but what that compound allows for in the future.

The FeAl phase acts as a continuous source—or reservoir—of aluminum atoms.

Resistance to Steam Oxidation

When the component is eventually subjected to its operating environment (high-temperature steam), this reservoir activates.

The available aluminum reacts to form a dense, protective alpha-alumina film on the surface.

This film is the critical shield that prevents rapid degradation of the underlying steel.

Understanding the Process Constraints

The Necessity of an Inert Atmosphere

Performing this treatment in an argon atmosphere is a deliberate choice to control chemical reactions.

Argon is an inert gas, which prevents the aluminum from oxidizing prematurely with oxygen in the air during the diffusion phase.

If oxygen were present during this 700°C step, the aluminum would consume itself forming oxides immediately, rather than diffusing into the substrate to form the necessary FeAl reservoir.

Temperature Specificity

The specific temperature of 700°C is tuned to balance diffusion speed with substrate stability.

It ensures sufficient energy to drive the formation of the intermetallic phases without damaging the underlying microstructure of the stainless steel.

Making the Right Choice for Your Goal

To ensure your coating system performs as intended, consider the following objectives:

• If your primary focus is long-term oxidation resistance: Ensure the heat treatment duration is sufficient to fully convert the deposition layer into FeAl, guaranteeing a robust source for alpha-alumina formation.
• If your primary focus is coating adhesion: Verify that the 700°C temperature is maintained consistently to maximize the solid-state diffusion that locks the coating into the iron/nickel matrix.

Proper execution of this diffusion treatment turns a temporary surface layer into a permanent, integral defense system.

Summary Table:

Feature	Specification	Purpose in Process
Temperature	700°C	Facilitates solid-state diffusion and FeAl formation
Atmosphere	Argon (Inert)	Prevents premature oxidation of Al during diffusion
Substrate	Stainless Steel	Provides Fe/Ni matrix for intermetallic reaction
Phase Created	Iron-Aluminum (FeAl)	Acts as a reservoir for alpha-alumina film formation
End Result	Protective Layer	Long-term resistance to high-temperature steam oxidation

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References

1. José Luddey Marulanda Arévalo, S. I. Castañeda. Behavior of aluminium coating by CVD-FBR in steam oxidation at 700°C. DOI: 10.29047/01225383.42

This article is also based on technical information from Kintek Solution Knowledge Base .