Materials that can be hot forged include:
1. Aluminum: Aluminum is lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and durable. It has high thermal conductivity, design flexibility, and fracture toughness. Aluminum can be forged using open or closed dies and does not require preheating.
2. Titanium: Titanium has excellent weight-to-strength and strength-to-density ratios, as well as corrosion resistance. It is heat-treated prior to press forging to improve its natural toughness and strength.
3. Stainless Steel: Stainless steel is corrosion-resistant and has excellent strength. Grades like 304(L) and 316(L) are commonly used for press forging. Stainless steel requires greater pressure and is forged at high temperatures.
4. Brass: Brass is heated to around 1500°F (815°C) and can be forged using closed or open dies. Forged brass is stronger and more durable.
5. Copper: Copper bars are heated prior to forging and then pressed into the desired shape. Forged copper has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity.
6. Magnesium: Magnesium alloys, such as AZ31B, AZ61A, AZ80A, ZK60A, M1A, and HM21A, can be hot forged. Magnesium has low density, greater strength and stiffness than steel or aluminum, but it is more difficult to forge.
It is important to note that different materials require different temperatures and forging processes. Hot forging allows for better material deformation and the creation of more complex geometries. Cold forging is suitable for simple shapes, high volumes, and limited budgets. Each material has its own unique properties and is chosen based on the specific needs of the final product.
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