The crucible used for burning samples at high temperatures is typically made of alumina ceramic, which can withstand temperatures up to 1800℃ for short-term use. Alumina ceramic crucibles are suitable for melting samples with acidic substances but are not recommended for samples with alkaline substances like NaOH, Na2O2, or Na2CO3, as these can cause corrosion. Additionally, these crucibles should be kept away from hydrofluoric acid (HFA).
Alumina ceramic crucibles, especially those with 99% purity, exhibit excellent high-temperature insulation properties and mechanical strength. They have a large thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion, making them ideal for use in reduction–oxidation atmospheres up to 1700℃. At these temperatures, alumina ceramic does not react with air, water vapor, hydrogen, or CO, ensuring stability and safety during high-temperature operations.
In chemical analysis, crucibles are crucial for quantitative gravimetric analysis, where the mass of a residue or precipitate is measured after heating to remove all volatiles and moisture. The process involves pre-weighing the crucible and lid, placing the residue on "ashless" filter paper inside the crucible, and heating until the filter paper is completely burned up. The crucible is then cooled and reweighed to determine the mass of the dried residue.
A specific type of crucible, known as a Gooch crucible, is designed with perforated bottoms for filtration in gravimetric analysis. These crucibles are essential tools in laboratories where precise measurement of sample residues is required.
Overall, alumina ceramic crucibles are the preferred choice for high-temperature applications due to their durability, resistance to chemical reactions, and ability to maintain structural integrity at extreme temperatures.
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