The final stage of sintering is a critical process that transforms the sintered product into a solid, cohesive, and strong material. This stage involves several key steps that ensure the final product meets the required standards for its intended application.
4 Key Steps to a Strong End Product in the Final Stage of Sintering
1. Cooling and Solidification
After the densification and particle bonding through heating, the sintered product is cooled. This cooling process allows the material to solidify into a rigid and cohesive structure. The controlled cooling ensures that the material retains its shape and strength.
2. Filling of Open Pores and Cracks
In the final stage, any remaining liquid and binder additives flow into open pores or cracks. These additives help in binding the packed mass together, filling any gaps and enhancing the overall integrity of the sintered product. This step is crucial for achieving a dense and strong final product.
3. Enhanced Bonding
The flow of liquid and binder additives into open pores and cracks significantly enhances the bonding of the material. This bonding is crucial for the mechanical strength and durability of the sintered product. The additives ensure that the material is tightly bound, reducing the chances of failure under stress.
4. Solid Form
By the end of the final stage, the original sintered powder material has transformed into a mostly solid form. This solidification is a result of the successful bonding and densification achieved through the sintering process. The solid form ensures that the product is ready for its intended application.
Rapid Grain Growth (Optional)
During the final stage, rapid grain growth can occur, especially if the pores move along with the grain boundaries. This can lead to an increase in pore size through coalescence, even though the overall density is increasing. At very high densities (> 99%), lattice diffusion can dominate due to the increase in pore size. This is an optional aspect and may not occur in all sintering processes.
In summary, the final stage of sintering is crucial for the transformation of the sintered powder material into a solid, cohesive, and strong product. The cooling, filling of open pores and cracks, and enhanced bonding are key steps that ensure the final product meets the required standards for its intended application.
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