Brazing involves the joining of two or more base metal components by melting a thin layer of filler metal into the space between them, utilizing capillary action. The types of joints used in brazing are primarily determined by the design of the joint, which must facilitate capillary action for effective brazing. Joint clearances are critical and typically do not exceed 0.12mm (0.005″) to ensure proper capillary flow of the filler metal.
Joint design in brazing is crucial for achieving strong, leak-resistant connections. The components to be brazed must be assembled in a fixed position relative to each other, maintaining proper joint clearances. Joints should be designed to be self-fixturing whenever possible to avoid the need for auxiliary fixtures, which can complicate the process and increase costs. If self-fixturing is not feasible, other methods such as tack welding or the use of fixtures with coefficients of thermal expansion similar to the base metal are employed.
The filler metal used in brazing can be introduced in various forms depending on the joint design and the materials involved. Ductile metals like copper, silver, and gold base alloys are available as wire, shim, sheet, and powder, which can be pre-placed directly in the joint. Brittle nickel base alloys, on the other hand, are typically supplied as powder and can be mixed with binders to form a paste for application over the joint.
For thick joints, pre-placement of the braze alloy may be necessary to ensure complete filling of the joint. The choice of filler metal form and placement method is influenced by the joint design and the requirements of the specific application.
In summary, the types of joints used in brazing are designed to optimize capillary action, ensuring that the filler metal flows effectively into the joint. The design must consider the materials being joined, the required strength of the joint, and the method of filler metal application. Proper joint design and clearances are essential for achieving high-quality, strong brazed joints.
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