Brazing is a process where two or more metal components are joined by melting a thin layer of filler metal into the space between them.
This is done using capillary action.
The types of joints used in brazing are mainly determined by the design of the joint.
The design must facilitate capillary action for effective brazing.
Joint clearances are very important and usually do not exceed 0.12mm (0.005″) to ensure proper capillary flow of the filler metal.
5 Key Points to Consider
1. Joint Design is Crucial
Joint design in brazing is crucial for achieving strong, leak-resistant connections.
The components to be brazed must be assembled in a fixed position relative to each other.
This helps maintain proper joint clearances.
Joints should be designed to be self-fixturing whenever possible.
This avoids the need for auxiliary fixtures, which can complicate the process and increase costs.
If self-fixturing is not feasible, other methods such as tack welding or the use of fixtures with coefficients of thermal expansion similar to the base metal are employed.
2. Filler Metal Introduction
The filler metal used in brazing can be introduced in various forms depending on the joint design and the materials involved.
Ductile metals like copper, silver, and gold base alloys are available as wire, shim, sheet, and powder.
These can be pre-placed directly in the joint.
Brittle nickel base alloys, on the other hand, are typically supplied as powder.
They can be mixed with binders to form a paste for application over the joint.
3. Pre-placement for Thick Joints
For thick joints, pre-placement of the braze alloy may be necessary to ensure complete filling of the joint.
The choice of filler metal form and placement method is influenced by the joint design and the requirements of the specific application.
4. Optimizing Capillary Action
The types of joints used in brazing are designed to optimize capillary action.
This ensures that the filler metal flows effectively into the joint.
The design must consider the materials being joined, the required strength of the joint, and the method of filler metal application.
5. Essential for High-Quality Joints
Proper joint design and clearances are essential for achieving high-quality, strong brazed joints.
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