Faqs - 1200℃ Split Tube Furnace With Quartz Tube Laboratory Tubular Furnace

What Are The Advantages Of Using Multi-Stage Split Tube Furnaces For Heating Methane Pyrolysis Reactors? Boost Efficiency
Learn how multi-stage split tube furnaces optimize methane pyrolysis through independent zone control and precise thermal stability over 1100°C.
How Does A Three-Zone High-Temperature Split Tube Furnace Ensure Data Accuracy In Creep Experiments? Achieve Thermal Precision
Learn how three-zone tube furnaces eliminate temperature gradients and ensure thermodynamic stability for precise material creep testing and analysis.
Why Is A Controlled Atmosphere Tube Furnace Required For Hps Catalysts? Ensure Optimal Metal Site Activation
Learn why a controlled atmosphere tube furnace is essential for the reduction of HPS-supported catalysts to ensure high dispersion and activity.
How Is A High-Temperature Tube Furnace Utilized In The Synthesis Of Span? Optimize Your Li-S Battery Research Today
Learn how high-temperature tube furnaces enable SPAN synthesis by controlling atmospheres to suppress the shuttle effect in lithium-sulfur batteries.
How Does A One-Zone Tubular Furnace Influence Sic Coatings? Master Cvd Precision & Material Hardness
Learn how one-zone tubular furnace temperature profiles control SiC coating growth, axial uniformity, microstructure, and mechanical properties.
What Is The Allowable Stress For A Quartz Tube? Understanding Its Brittle Nature And Practical Limits
Learn why quartz tube strength depends on surface condition and temperature, not a single stress value, and how to ensure reliability in your application.
How Does A Temperature-Controlled Tube Furnace Influence The Performance Of Biochar Adsorbents? Optimize Pore Structure
Learn how precise temperature and atmosphere control in tube furnaces define biochar porosity, surface chemistry, and contaminant removal efficiency.
Why Is High-Temperature Hydrogen Reduction In A Tube Furnace Necessary Before Carbon Nanofiber Growth? Catalyst Activation Explained
Learn why hydrogen reduction in a tube furnace is essential to activate nickel catalysts and ensure stable carbon nanofiber growth.
How Do High-Temperature Tube Furnaces Or Rotary Furnaces Facilitate The Regeneration Of Spent Activated Carbon?
Learn how high-temperature tube and rotary furnaces restore spent activated carbon through pyrolysis and desorption to reduce operational costs.
What Function Does A High-Temperature Tube Furnace Serve In Alkali Fusion Hydroxide Recovery? Precision Thermal Control
Learn how high-temperature tube furnaces enable carbon fiber recovery by maintaining precise 200°C–400°C environments for resin decomposition.
How Do Vertical Split Tube Furnaces And Preheaters Facilitate Scwo? Achieve Optimal Supercritical Water Oxidation
Learn how vertical split tube furnaces drive SCWO by lowering dielectric constants and maximizing organic solubility for high-efficiency oxidation.
How Does A Tube Furnace Optimize Tic-Reinforced Steel Composites? Achieve The Perfect Balance Of Hardness And Strength
Learn how multi-stage heat treatment in a tube furnace optimizes TiC-reinforced steel composites by creating a tempered sorbite microstructure.
What Function Does A High-Temperature Tube Furnace Serve In Biochar Preparation? Mastering Biomass Pyrolysis Control
Learn how high-temperature tube furnaces enable precise thermal conversion, anaerobic control, and pore development in biomass-to-biochar production.
Why Is A High-Temperature Tube Furnace Necessary For Pt/Sic-C Catalyst? Ensure Precision Synthesis & Metal Dispersion
Learn why precise thermal control and atmosphere switching in tube furnaces are critical for Pt/SiC-C catalyst calcination and reduction.
Why Is A Tube Furnace Used For The Thermal Regeneration Of Spent Biodiesel Catalysts? Boost Catalyst Life & Efficiency
Learn how tube furnaces use pyrolysis and inert atmospheres to restore spent biodiesel catalysts by removing organic contaminants and restoring porosity.
Why Is A High-Precision Tube Furnace Necessary For Drm Catalysts? Optimize Thermal Control For Superior Syngas Yield
Learn why precise thermal control is critical for DRM catalyst evaluation, from overcoming kinetic barriers to testing anti-sintering stability.
How Do Tube Furnaces Assist In Chemical Activation For Activated Carbon? Optimize Pore Structure & Surface Area
Learn how tube furnaces provide the precise temperature and gas flow control required to etch high-performance activated carbon catalysts.
Why Is A Tube Furnace Essential For Carbon Nanotube Synthesis? Master Precision In Waste-To-Cnt Pyrolysis
Learn how precise temperature control in tube furnaces regulates decomposition and deposition for high-quality carbon nanotube synthesis.
What Role Does A Laboratory High-Temperature Furnace Play In Pht? Engineer Nano-Scale Coating Durability
Learn how high-temperature furnaces enable Pre-Recrystallization Heat Treatment (PHT) to enhance coating hardness and wear resistance.
How Does A High-Temperature Tube Furnace Facilitate The Sintering And Densification Of Yttria-Stabilized Ceria Ceramics?
Learn how high-temperature tube furnaces up to 1500°C optimize YSC sintering through precise thermal control and atmospheric stabilization.
What Role Does A Programmable Tube Furnace Play In Iro2/Ato Catalyst Synthesis? Master Stepped Deposition Today
Learn how programmable tube furnaces control thermal stages to create high-performance IrO2/ATO catalysts through precise in-situ decomposition.
What Critical Process Conditions Does A Horizontal Tube Furnace Provide During Usp? Optimize Tungsten Oxide Production
Learn how horizontal tube furnaces ensure thermal uniformity and precise decomposition for high-quality tungsten oxide via USP.
What Role Does A Quartz Tube Furnace Play In Hbn Synthesis? Optimize Your Chemical Vapor Deposition Results
Learn how quartz tube furnaces provide the essential thermal control and gas dynamics for high-quality hBN coating synthesis via CVD.
How Does A High-Temperature Tube Ceramic Furnace Ensure Stable Molten Salt Carbon Capture? Achieve Precise Thermal Cycles
Learn how high-temperature tube ceramic furnaces stabilize absorption-desorption cycles through uniform thermal fields and high thermal inertia.
What Core Process Conditions Does An Industrial Tube Furnace Provide For The Calcination Of Ceo2@B2O3 Catalysts?
Learn the 3 vital conditions of tube furnace calcination—600°C, 5°C/min ramp, and 50 mL/min flow—to optimize CeO2@B2O3 catalyst performance.
How Do Furnaces Contribute To Sodium Battery Cathode Performance? Mastering Solid-State Synthesis For Energy Storage
Learn how high-temperature tube and box furnaces optimize sodium battery cathode synthesis through atmosphere control and precise thermal profiles.
How Do You Clean A Tube Furnace Tube? A Step-By-Step Guide To Safe And Effective Cleaning
Learn the correct methods to clean your tube furnace tube based on the material and contaminant type, ensuring safety and preserving tube integrity.
What Is A Tubular Furnace Used For? Precision Heating For Material Synthesis & Analysis
Discover the key uses of a tubular furnace: sintering, annealing, material synthesis, and chemical analysis with precise temperature and atmosphere control.
What Is The Pressure On A Tube Furnace? Essential Safety Limits For Your Lab
Learn the critical pressure limits (≤0.2 bar) for safe tube furnace operation. Avoid thermal shock and quartz tube failure in your lab.
What Are Tube Furnace Tubes Made Of? Choose The Right Material For High-Temp Success
Discover the materials used for tube furnace tubes—ceramics, quartz, and metal alloys—and how to select the best one for your temperature and atmosphere needs.
What Role Does A High-Temperature Tube Furnace Play In The Cvd Synthesis Of Fe-C@C Nanoparticles? Key Insights
Learn how high-temperature tube furnaces enable Fe-C@C nanoparticle synthesis through precise atmosphere control and two-stage thermal processing.
What Is The Function Of A High-Temperature Atmosphere Tube Furnace In P-Ncs Synthesis? Expert Insights
Learn how high-temperature atmosphere tube furnaces enable precise phosphidation of P-NCS through controlled thermodynamics and gas-phase diffusion.
What Is The Primary Role Of A High-Temperature Tube Furnace In Cvd For Cnts? Master Precision Growth And Uniformity
Learn how high-temperature tube furnaces drive the CVD process for Carbon Nanotubes by ensuring precise thermal decomposition and uniform morphology.
What Role Does A Horizontal Tube Furnace Play In Tib2 Synthesis? Optimize High-Quality Nanopowder Production
Learn how horizontal tube furnaces enable TiB2 nanopowder synthesis through precise 800-1000°C control and inert atmosphere management.
What Process Is Controlled By A Tube Furnace During Rp/C Pretreatment? Optimize Your Anode Material Synthesis
Learn how tube furnaces control thermal vaporization and condensation to integrate red phosphorus into carbon for high-capacity battery anodes.
What Specific Conditions Does A Tubular Furnace Provide For The Reduction Of Pt Catalysts? Optimize Your Catalyst Performance
Learn how tubular furnaces enable 400°C hydrogen reduction to produce high-activity 1–2 nm platinum catalysts on mesoporous supports.
How Does A High-Temperature Tube Furnace Facilitate The Formation Of Mo-Ti-N? Precision Catalytic Synthesis Explained
Learn how high-temperature tube furnaces enable the synthesis of Mo-Ti-N binary nitrides through controlled ammonia decomposition at 750 °C.
What Is The Role Of A Tube Furnace In The Preparation Of Linbo3 Coatings On Ncm? Optimize Cathode Interface Stability
Learn how tube furnaces enable precise precursor decomposition and crystallization of LiNbO3 coatings on NCM cathodes at 400°C in oxygen.
What Tube Is Used For Tubular Furnace? Choose The Right Material For Temperature & Atmosphere
Select the correct tube furnace material: quartz for under 1100°C, alumina for over 1200°C. Learn how temperature, atmosphere, and thermal shock guide your choice.
What Is Quartz Tube Heating? Achieve Instant, Targeted Heat With Infrared Radiation
Discover how quartz tube heating works, its advantages of speed and efficiency, and when to use it for precise spot heating or industrial applications.
What Are Tube Furnaces Used For? Achieve Precise Thermal Processing For Advanced Materials
Learn how tube furnaces enable precise high-temperature processes like annealing, sintering, and CVD with superior temperature uniformity and atmospheric control.
How Does A Tube Resistance Furnace Contribute To The Preparation Of Carbon-Based Sulfonated Solid Acid Catalysts?
Learn how tube resistance furnaces enable controlled carbonization and precise framework construction for high-performance solid acid catalysts.
What Are The Primary Applications Of Tube Or Muffle Furnaces In The Study Of Phase Transformations? Reverting Martensite
Learn how tube and muffle furnaces facilitate phase transformation in stainless steel by reverting martensite to austenite through precise heating.
What Is The Role Of A High-Temperature Tube Furnace In Ni-Based Alloy Oxidation? Advanced Surface Activation Solutions
Learn how high-temperature tube furnaces drive selective oxidation at 1000°C to transform inert Ni-based alloys into active catalytic surfaces.
What Are The Primary Functions Of High-Precision Tube Furnaces In Graphene Growth? Achieve Defect-Free Gs Synthesis
Learn how high-precision tube furnaces and quartz reaction chambers provide the thermal stability and inert environment for high-quality graphene.
What Process Conditions Does A Horizontal Tube Furnace Provide For Simulating Carbon Deposition In Refractories?
Learn how horizontal tube furnaces use 600°C temperatures and CO/H2 atmospheres to simulate carbon deposition in refractory materials.
Why Use A Three-Zone Tubular Furnace For Hydrolysis Reactors? Master Precision Thermal Gradients For Purity
Learn how three-zone tubular furnaces with independent control optimize preheating, reaction, and cooling for high-purity copper oxychloride.
What Is The Role Of An Industrial-Grade Tube Furnace In Laterite Nickel Ore Roasting? Optimize Your Mineral Pretreatment
Learn how industrial tube furnaces use precise temperature (800°C-1000°C) and CO/CO2 atmospheres to transform laterite nickel ore for extraction.
What Is The Primary Purpose Of Air Pre-Oxidation In A Tube Furnace? Optimize Nano-Pd Catalyst Synthesis Today
Learn how air pre-oxidation at 200°C in a tube furnace activates biological precursors for high-performance Nano-Pd electrocatalyst preparation.
What Is The Function Of A High-Temperature Tube Furnace In The Preparation Of Uranium Dioxide (Uo2) Precursor Powder?
Learn how high-temperature tube furnaces facilitate calcination and reduction to transform uranium precursors into nuclear-grade UO2 fuel powder.
What Is The Function Of A High-Temperature Tube Furnace In Evaluating Pt/Pd Alloys? Optimize Your Catalytic Research
Learn how high-temperature tube furnaces provide precise atmospheric control and thermal stability for testing Platinum-Palladium alloy catalysts.
What Are The Primary Functions Of A High-Temperature Tube Furnace For Iridium-Based Inverse Opals? Expert Annealing Guide
Learn how high-temperature tube furnaces drive template removal and phase transformation to create functional iridium-based inverse opal materials.
What Functions Does A Laboratory High-Temperature Tube Furnace Perform? Master Catalyst Synthesis & Carbonization
Learn how tube furnaces enable precision carbonization and heteroatom doping of polymer precursors to create high-performance catalytic materials.
How Does A High-Precision Tube Furnace Contribute To The Testing Of Euobr Catalysts? Ensure Stability & Accuracy
Discover how tube furnaces optimize EuOBr catalyst testing through precise temperature control (423-793 K) and realistic industrial simulations.
What Role Does An Industrial Tube Furnace Play In The Synthesis Of Fe@N-Bc Catalysts? Precision Thermal Control Guide
Learn how industrial tube furnaces enable Fe@N-BC catalyst synthesis through precise 900°C carbonization and controlled atmosphere doping.
Why Is An Intermediate Grinding Step Necessary For Solid-State Synthesis? Achieving Phase Purity In Niobates
Learn why intermediate grinding is vital for solid-state synthesis in tube furnaces to overcome diffusion barriers and ensure single-phase purity.
How Do High-Temperature Tube Furnaces Simulate Liquid Lead Exposure? Achieve Precision In Csp Material Testing
Learn how tube furnaces and quartz tubes simulate liquid lead environments for CSP systems by controlling thermal fields and oxygen activity.
What Is The Role Of A Tube Furnace In The Thermal Treatment Of Argyrodite Electrolytes? Master Ionic Conductivity
Learn how tube and annealing furnaces enable precise phase transitions and halogen distribution in argyrodite solid-state electrolytes.
Why Is A Tube Furnace Required For Se/Pps Mercury Removal? Optimize Thermal Control For Flue Gas Research
Learn how tube furnaces simulate coal combustion environments to test the mercury removal efficiency and thermal stability of Se/PPS fabrics.
What Is The Role Of A Programmable Tube Furnace In Porous Carbon Preparation? Master Precision Pyrolysis Control
Learn how high-performance programmable tube furnaces enable precise carbonization, in-situ doping, and hierarchical porosity in carbon materials.
Why Is A Quartz Tube Furnace Utilized In The Thermal Oxidation Of Mncr2O4 Coatings? Unlock Precise Selective Oxidation
Learn why quartz tube furnaces are essential for MnCr2O4 spinel coatings through atmosphere control and selective oxidation of Cr and Mn.
What Size Is A Quartz Tube? Custom Dimensions For Your Lab's Furnace & Process Needs
Quartz tube sizes are custom. Learn how to specify inner/outer diameter, length & wall thickness for furnaces, reactors, and vacuum systems.
What Happens When Quartz Is Heated? A Guide To Its Critical Phase Transitions And Uses
Discover the key phase transitions of quartz when heated, including the critical 573°C Curie Point, and how to apply this knowledge in geology, electronics, and manufacturing.
What Is The Diameter Of A Quartz Tube? Understanding Od, Id, And Fit For Your Lab
Learn the critical dimensions of quartz tubes: Ø100mm OD, Ø92mm ID, and how they impact furnace compatibility, sample capacity, and process control.
Why Is High-Precision Heating Essential For Perovskite Annealing? Ensure Pure Phase Crystalline Abo3 Structures
Discover why high-precision box and tube furnaces are critical for the thermodynamic synthesis and electrocatalytic performance of perovskite oxides.
How Does An Industrial Tube Furnace Ensure The Required Process Conditions For Supercritical Fluid Experimental Devices?
Learn how industrial tube furnaces provide the isothermal zones and precision control needed to maintain stable supercritical fluid states.
What Is The Role Of Secondary Calcination In Tube Or Box Furnaces? Enhance Sodium-Ion Battery Stability And Performance
Learn how secondary calcination in tube and box furnaces improves sodium-ion battery cathode materials through lattice doping and surface coating.
What Is The Primary Function Of A High-Temperature Tube Furnace In Chlorosilane Research? Enhance Material Testing.
Learn how high-temperature tube furnaces simulate industrial silicon production to study iron corrosion and phase transformations accurately.
How Are High-Temperature Tube Furnaces Utilized In Diamond Doping? Unlock Superior Oxidation Resistance
Learn how high-temperature tube furnaces and field-enhanced diffusion create boron-doped diamonds with enhanced oxidation resistance.
What Is The Function Of A Tube Atmosphere Furnace In Li2Mnsio4 Synthesis? Achieve High-Purity Battery Materials
Learn how tube atmosphere furnaces enable Li2MnSiO4 synthesis by preventing manganese oxidation and facilitating carbon coating at 600°C.
What Role Does A High-Temperature Tube Atmosphere Furnace Play In Cr/Crxn Conversion? Enhance Coating Durability
Learn how tube atmosphere furnaces using ammonia gas convert chromium coatings into Cr/CrxN composites via precise nitriding at 650°C-750°C.
What Is The Core Function Of High-Temperature Carbonization At 800 °C In A Tube Furnace? Optimize Electrocatalysts
Learn how 800 °C carbonization in a tube furnace transforms precursors into conductive, stable carbon supports for Pd/C electrocatalysts.
How Does A High-Temperature Furnace Contribute To The Post-Synthesis Heat Treatment Of Fe-Cr-Mn-Mo-N-C Composites?
Discover how 1250°C high-temperature furnaces homogenize Fe-Cr-Mn-Mo-N-C composites, enhancing microstructure and bonding for superior performance.
How Does A Laboratory Tube Furnace Contribute To The Synthesis Of Ruo2 Catalysts? Master Thermal Precision.
Learn how laboratory tube furnaces provide the precise 400°C air atmosphere needed to anchor sulfate-stabilized ruthenium dioxide catalysts.
What Is The Purpose Of Using A High-Temperature Tube Furnace? Optimize Silica-Coated Magnetic Nanomaterial Calcination
Learn how tube furnace calcination purifies, densifies, and enhances the surface area of silica-coated magnetic nanomaterials for industrial use.
What Is The Operating Temperature Of A Quartz Tube? Maximize Tube Life & Process Efficiency
Learn the key temperature limits of quartz tubes (up to 1100°C continuous), the risks of devitrification, and how to optimize your process for longevity.
What Precautions Should Be Taken When Using A Tube Furnace? Ensure Safe, Effective High-Temperature Processing
Learn essential tube furnace safety steps: thermal control, contamination prevention, and PPE use for reliable lab results and operator safety.
How Strong Is A Quartz Tube? Unveiling Its Thermal Resilience And Mechanical Fragility
Discover the dual nature of quartz tube strength: exceptional thermal shock resistance vs. mechanical brittleness. Essential for high-temperature lab applications.
What Is A Quartz Tube Used For? Mastering High-Temp, High-Purity Applications
Discover quartz tube uses: high-temperature furnace tubes, UV light transmission, and contamination-free processes in labs and industry.
What Is The Temperature Rating Of A Quartz Tube? Maximize Performance & Avoid Failure
Learn the key temperature limits for quartz tubes (1000°C-1200°C) based on pressure, purity, and application to ensure safety and longevity.
What Is The Maximum Temperature For A Quartz Tube Furnace? Key Limits For Safe & Efficient Operation
Learn the maximum temperature for quartz tube furnaces (typically 1200°C), key factors affecting it, and how to choose the right tube for your lab needs.
How To Clean A Tube Furnace? A Step-By-Step Guide For Safe And Effective Maintenance
Learn the proper way to clean a tube furnace, including safety steps, debris removal, and inspection to ensure longevity and operational safety.
What Is The Temperature Of A Quartz Tube Furnace? Master The Limits For Safe, High-Temp Operation
Learn the maximum operating temperature of quartz tube furnaces (1100-1200°C), why the quartz tube is the limiting factor, and how to use it safely.
Why Are High-Precision Tube Furnaces Necessary For Photoelectrocatalytic Materials? Achieve Atomic Synthesis Precision
Learn how high-precision tube furnaces enable uniform thermal fields and atmospheric control for doping carbon nitride and metal oxides.
Why Is A Quartz Tube Reactor Preferred For Butane And Ethane Steam Cracking Experiments? Ensure Pure Kinetic Data Accuracy
Discover why quartz tube reactors are essential for steam cracking at 950°C, offering chemical inertness to prevent wall interference and side reactions.
How Is A Tube Furnace Utilized In The Study Of Chemical Recycling Of Sulfur-Containing Polymers? Achieve Closed-Loop Recovery
Learn how tube furnaces enable the thermal disintegration of sulfur polymers through controlled atmosphere and precision temperature regulation.
What Types Of Atmospheres Are Possible Within A Vacuum Tube Furnace? Master Precise Material Processing Environments
Explore vacuum, inert, reducing, and reactive gas atmospheres in tube furnaces for advanced material synthesis, heat treatment, and CVD applications.
What Role Does A High-Temperature Tube Furnace Play In The Solid-State Synthesis Of Niobate Mixed Crystals? Precision Phase Control
Learn how high-temperature tube furnaces drive solid-state diffusion and phase transformation for synthesizing high-performance niobate crystals.
What Technical Conditions Does A Tube Furnace Provide For Cr-Mg Alloy Coatings? Master Precision 1050°C Diffusion
Learn how industrial tube furnaces enable Cr-Mg alloy coating via 1050°C thermal stability and inert atmosphere control to prevent oxidation.
What Factors Influence The General Design Of A Tube Furnace? Match Your Process With The Perfect System
Learn how process temperature, atmosphere, and throughput dictate tube furnace design for optimal performance in your lab or industrial application.
What Is The Primary Function Of A High-Temperature Tube Furnace In Tungsten Fiber Annealing? Optimize Heat Treatment
Discover how high-temperature tube furnaces simulate fusion environments to test potassium-doped tungsten fibers and inhibit grain growth.
How Does A High-Temperature Tube Furnace Facilitate The Phase Transformation Of Alumina Products? Master Thermal Control
Learn how precise heating rates and constant temperature zones in tube furnaces drive aluminum hydroxide dehydration into gamma and alpha alumina.
How Do Laboratory Tube Furnaces Ensure Process Stability In Pyrolysis? Master Precision For Bio-Oil & Bio-Char Yield
Learn how high-precision tube furnaces and temperature compensation mechanisms stabilize pyrolysis for optimal bio-oil and bio-char production.
What Is The Role Of A Hpht Tube Furnace In Htgr Simulation? Achieve Precise Nuclear Environment Replications
Learn how high-pressure high-temperature tube furnaces simulate HTGR environments via gas chemistry control and stable thermal-pressure conditions.
Why Is A High-Temperature Tube Furnace With Argon Necessary For Nacro2? Master Battery Material Synthesis
Learn why a 900°C argon atmosphere tube furnace is critical for NaCrO2 synthesis, preventing oxidation and sodium loss for optimal battery performance.
Why Is Precise Temperature Control Necessary In A Tube Furnace For Biomass Torrefaction? Optimize Your Biochar Yield
Learn why 200-300°C precision is vital for biomass torrefaction to ensure selective degradation, maximize energy yield, and prevent material waste.
Why Is A Tube Furnace Used For The Annealing Treatment Of Li2Zrcl6 Electrolytes? Restore Structure & Ionic Conductivity
Learn how annealing in a tube furnace transforms Li2ZrCl6 after ball milling by relieving stress and inducing the monoclinic phase for conductivity.
Why Is A Tube Furnace Required For Li6Ps5Cl Solid-State Electrolytes? Achieve High Ionic Conductivity & Purity
Learn why tube and sintering furnaces are vital for Li6PS5Cl synthesis, ensuring phase transition, stoichiometry, and environmental protection.
What Is The Function Of Quartz Tubes And Vacuum Sealing Systems? Secure Your High-Purity Solid Solution Synthesis
Learn how vacuum-sealed quartz tubes protect air-sensitive Li-Lu-Zr-Cl solid solutions from moisture and oxidation during high-temp synthesis.
Why Is A Tube Furnace Critical For Ga0.25Zn4.67S5.08 Pyrolysis? Mastering Semiconductor Synthesis
Learn how tube furnaces enable precise thermal reactions for Ga0.25Zn4.67S5.08, ensuring rapid crystallization and controlled stoichiometry.