This article discusses the high-purity requirements and applications of various sputtering targets in integrated circuit manufacturing, focusing on metals and alloys used in different technology nodes.
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A comprehensive guide to the casting process for sputtering targets, including suitable materials, advantages, and detailed process steps.
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An overview of sputtering targets, their types, and key parameters like purity, density, and grain size.
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Explores factors leading to orange peel on sputtering targets, including process parameters, target quality, and equipment issues.
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Detailed guide on reference electrodes, their use, maintenance, checking methods, regeneration, storage, and applications.
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An in-depth look at the glymercury electrode, its composition, characteristics, and applications in analytical chemistry.
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An overview of the key requirements and types of reference electrodes used in electrochemical systems, particularly in lithium-ion batteries.
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Detailed guide on the use, calibration, and maintenance of reference electrodes in electrochemical studies.
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An in-depth analysis of the design, features, and applications of reference electrodes in lithium batteries.
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An overview of the roles and characteristics of working, counter, and reference electrodes in electrochemical systems.
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Discusses the design principles, types, applications, and future directions of reference electrodes in lithium batteries.
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An overview of rotating disc electrodes and their applications in various electrochemical studies, including catalyst evaluation, battery research, and corrosion protection.
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A guide on the requirements and conditions for using various reference electrodes in electrochemistry.
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This article discusses the signs and solutions for a bad reference electrode in measurement systems, focusing on IR voltage drop, high-frequency artifacts, and methods to identify and save a bad reference electrode.
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This article discusses the selection and design of reference electrodes for lithium batteries, focusing on active materials like lithium metal, lithium alloys, and lithium-embedded oxides.
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An in-depth analysis of rotating electrode technology, its applications, and its impact on electrochemical reactions under different flow conditions.
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Explores the development, principles, and applications of the rotating disk electrode in electrochemistry.
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A comprehensive overview of the historical development, theoretical advancements, and practical applications of electrochemistry.
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An in-depth look at steady state measurements in electrochemistry, including techniques and applications.
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Explores the development, principles, and applications of Rotating Disc Electrodes in electrochemistry.
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A comprehensive guide on the design criteria, types, and components of electrolytic cells used in industrial metal production.
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Comparison of H-Type Electrolytic Cells and Flow-Cells, focusing on their structures, advantages, and disadvantages in CO2 reduction systems.
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A comprehensive guide on the design and criteria for electrolytic cells, crucial for accurate electrochemical testing.
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An overview of electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction methods and their challenges in industrial applications.
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Explores the role, evaluation, and common misconceptions of cold traps in lyophilizers, emphasizing the importance of water capture efficiency.
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An in-depth look at how cryogenic cold traps operate and their applications in various fields.
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Dry cold traps are used in multiple applications to condense and collect gases, protecting equipment and improving process efficiency.
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Exploring the impact of cold trap temperature on freeze-drying efficiency and equipment performance.
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Explores the key differences between condensers and coolers in chiller refrigeration systems, focusing on phase change, heat transfer coefficients, and series heat exchangers.
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An overview of cold trap design and its impact on water vapor transport and product quality in the lyophilization process.
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