The suitable materials for use in heating elements are primarily alloys of nickel and chromium, and alloys of nickel, chromium, and iron. These materials are chosen for their high resistivity, high melting point, low temperature coefficient, and resistance to oxidation.
High Resistivity: The materials used for heating elements must have high specific resistance to generate sufficient heat with a small length of wire. This property ensures that the element can efficiently convert electrical energy into heat.
High Melting Point: A high melting point is crucial for heating elements as they need to withstand high temperatures without melting. This allows the elements to operate at high temperatures necessary for various industrial processes.
Low Temperature Coefficient: A low temperature coefficient means that the resistance of the material does not significantly change with temperature. This stability is important to prevent high starting currents, which could damage the element or the electrical system.
Resistance to Oxidation: The material must withstand high temperatures without oxidizing. Oxidation can degrade the performance of the heating element and lead to frequent replacements.
Commonly Used Alloys:
- Nickel-Chromium Alloys (80% Ni, 20% Cr): These are suitable for temperatures up to 1,150°C and offer good resistance to oxidation. They are commonly used in applications requiring high temperature and severe conditions.
- Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys (65% Ni, 15% Cr, 20% Fe): These alloys are recommended for use up to 950°C. They are more economical and stronger than pure nickel-chromium alloys, making them suitable for a wide range of industrial applications.
These properties and materials ensure that the heating elements are reliable, efficient, and capable of withstanding the high temperatures required in various industrial processes, thereby maximizing their longevity and the quality of the processes they support.
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