Faqs - High Pressure Laboratory Autoclave Reactor For Hydrothermal Synthesis

Why Are Small Stainless Steel Tube Reactors Ideal For Subcritical Water Hydrolysis? Boost Biomass Research Efficiency
Discover why small stainless steel tube reactors excel in subcritical water hydrolysis with superior thermal conductivity and pressure resistance.
What Are The Material Requirements For Calcium Thermal Reduction Reactors? Expert Guide To High-Temperature Alloys
Discover why heat-resistant chromium-nickel steel and gas-tightness are critical for industrial reactors in calcium thermal reduction at 1200°C.
How Does A High-Pressure Steam Explosion Reactor Facilitate Biomass Modification? Overcome Recalcitrance Efficiently
Learn how steam explosion reactors use thermal chemistry and mechanical force to disrupt lignocellulosic biomass for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis.
How Do Internal Baffle Structures Contribute To The Heat Transfer Efficiency Of A Slurry Reactor? Boost Mixing & Cooling
Learn how baffles enhance heat transfer in slurry reactors by creating turbulence, eliminating vortexes, and increasing scouring action at the walls.
Why Is The High-Pressure Reactor Considered The Core Equipment In The Industrial Haber-Bosch Process? Key Insights
Learn how high-pressure reactors overcome nitrogen's triple bond and resolve the temperature paradox to enable industrial ammonia synthesis.
What Necessary Conditions Does A Laboratory High-Pressure Reactor System Provide For Chp Cleavage? Optimize Safety And Yield
Learn how high-pressure reactors manage temperature, pressure, and agitation for safe and efficient cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) cleavage reactions.
How Are Laboratory High-Pressure Reactors Utilized In Ro Membrane Development? Enhance Desalination Research Efficiency
Discover how high-pressure reactors simulate seawater desalination to validate graphene RO membranes, flux, and durability.
Why Must Htl Reactors Have High Corrosion Resistance? Ensure Safety In Hydrothermal Liquefaction
Learn why corrosion resistance is critical for HTL reactors to withstand supercritical water, organic acids, and extreme pressure safely.
What Conditions Do High-Pressure Reactors Provide For Microalgae Pretreatment? Optimize Your Thermochemical Processes
Learn how high-pressure reactors maintain subcritical water to accelerate microalgae cell wall disruption and biomass hydrolysis for bio-energy.
What Are The Advantages Of Using A Stainless Steel Cylindrical Reactor? Maximize Photocatalytic Efficiency
Discover why stainless steel cylindrical reactors outperform open containers for pharmaceutical degradation through superior energy and chemical resistance.
Why Is A Precisely Controlled Reactor System Necessary For Zvinp Synthesis? Ensure Purity & Uniformity
Learn why high-integrity sealing and kinetic mixing are vital in reactor systems for synthesizing pure zero-valent iron nanoparticles (ZVINPs).
How Do High-Pressure Steam Explosion Reactors Improve Efficiency During The Lignin Separation Process? (Expert Guide)
Learn how rapid depressurization in steam explosion reactors optimizes lignin separation by mechanically disrupting biomass structures for labs.
What Is The Role Of A Stainless Steel High-Pressure Reactor With A Ptfe Liner In Pdvb Synthesis? Ensure High Purity.
Discover how PTFE-lined stainless steel reactors provide the pressure and chemical inertness required for pure PDVB nanoparticle synthesis.
What Is The Function Of A Laboratory Reactor In Fire-Retardant Coating Synthesis? Ensuring Chemical Uniformity
Learn how laboratory reactors with cooling and stirring systems manage exothermic reactions and nano-filler dispersion for intumescent coatings.
What Are The Primary Advantages Of Using Hastelloy C-22 For Reactors? Ensure Corrosion Resistance In Hydrate Research
Discover why Hastelloy C-22 is the superior choice for natural gas hydrate reactors, offering unmatched resistance to high salinity and pressure.
Why Is A Reactor Equipped With A Reflux Condenser Necessary For Niobium Leaching? Ensure Stable, High-Yield Extraction
Learn why reflux condensers are vital for niobium leaching, preventing solvent loss and maintaining alkali concentration at high temperatures.
Why Are High-Strength Alloys Like Inconel Preferred For Small-Capacity Batch Reactors? Ensure Safety & Precision
Learn why Inconel is the industry standard for high-pressure batch reactors, offering superior creep strength and thermal shock resistance.
What Roles Do The High-Pressure Reactor And Ptfe Liner Play In Mof Synthesis? Achieve Pure, High-Quality Crystals
Learn how high-pressure reactors and PTFE liners enable solvothermal synthesis for MOFs like FJI-H14 by managing pressure and purity.
What Role Does A High-Vacuum Reactor Play In Ti-Al-Y Alloy Synthesis? Master High-Temperature Hydride Processing
Learn how high-vacuum reactors drive dehydrogenation and prevent oxidation at 1200°C for pure Ti-Al-Y alloy synthesis using hydride technology.
What Role Do Stainless Steel Tubular Reactors Play In The Htl Of Seaweed Residues? Maximize Your Bio-Crude Yield Today.
Learn how stainless steel tubular reactors enable the conversion of seaweed residues into bio-crude through extreme pressure and heat containment.
What Is The Function Of A High-Pressure Stainless Steel Reactor And Its Ptfe Liner? Expert Solvothermal Synthesis Guide
Learn how high-pressure reactors and PTFE liners facilitate the synthesis of octahedral MnS through precise pressure and chemical control.
What Is The Primary Purpose Of A Condenser In Eods Experiments? Prevent Volatilization And Ensure Data Accuracy
Learn how condensers prevent light component loss in Extractive and Oxidative Desulfurization (EODS), ensuring precise molar ratios and safety.
Why Are Ptfe Reactors Preferred For Silver Phosphate Glass Testing? Ensure Purity And Kinetic Accuracy
Discover why PTFE reactors are essential for silver phosphate glass durability testing, ensuring chemical inertness and stable S/V ratios.
What Is The Function Of A High-Pressure Reactor In Cof Synthesis? Achieve Superior Crystallinity In Lab Research
Learn how sealed high-pressure reactors facilitate solvothermal COF synthesis through autogenous pressure and precise thermal control.
What Is The Role Of A High-Pressure Stainless Steel Electrochemical Reactor? Powering Co2 To Syngas Conversion
Learn how high-pressure stainless steel reactors facilitate CO2 reduction to syngas through structural integrity and catalyst activation.
How Do Nickel-Based Alloy Reactors Compare To Alumina Ceramic Liners? Catalytic Performance In Scwg Explained
Compare nickel-based alloys and alumina liners in SCWG. Learn how material choice impacts catalytic methanation and reactor durability.
Why Are High-Pressure Reactors Required For Furfural Production? Ensure High Yields And Efficient Biomass Conversion
Learn why 10-25 bar pressure is essential for furfural production, enabling temperatures up to 240°C while maintaining critical liquid-phase reactions.
What Are The Problems For Bio Oils Utilization? Overcome Key Barriers To Renewable Fuel Adoption
Explore the major challenges of bio-oil utilization, including chemical instability, high viscosity, and costly upgrading requirements for refinery compatibility.
What Are The Disadvantages Of Oil Sludge? Avoid Catastrophic Engine Damage And Costly Repairs
Learn how oil sludge causes engine failure, overheating, and wear. Discover the risks, prevention tips, and why regular oil changes are crucial.
What Conditions Must A Laboratory Reactor Provide For Alloy Stress Corrosion? Master The Occluded Zone With Precision
Learn the essential requirements for simulating stress corrosion: temperature precision, oxygen control, and circulation for accurate research.
How Does A Vacuum Reactor Facilitate The Hydrophobic Modification Of Catalyst Supports? Maximize Biodiesel Efficiency
Learn how vacuum reactors enable precise grafting on mesoporous silica to prevent catalyst deactivation and enhance biodiesel production longevity.
What Is The Significance Of Using Batch Reactors With Orbital Shaking? Precision Control For Biodiesel Simulations
Learn how precision temperature control and orbital shaking in batch reactors optimize mass transfer and catalyst life in biodiesel production.
What Is The Advantage Of Using High-Pressure Hydrothermal Reactors To Treat Biomass Waste? Efficient Resource Recovery
Discover how high-pressure hydrothermal reactors transform wet biomass into high-performance hydrochar and bio-oil without energy-intensive drying.
Why Are Ptfe-Lined Stainless Steel Reactors Used For The Synthesis Of Levulinic Acid? Ensure Purity & Durability
Learn why PTFE-lined stainless steel reactors are essential for levulinic acid synthesis, offering acid resistance and high-pressure safety.
What Are The Advantages Of Using Monel Alloy Reactors And Nickel Sample Boats? Secure Purity In Carbon Fluorination
Discover how Monel reactors and nickel boats utilize NiF2 passivation to ensure corrosion resistance and purity during aerogel fluorination.
How Do The Stainless Steel Shell And The Ptfe Liner Function Differently In A High-Pressure Autoclave Reactor?
Learn how the stainless steel shell provides mechanical strength while the PTFE liner ensures chemical purity in high-pressure autoclave reactors.
What Role Does An Autoclave Play In Remediation Experiments? Ensure Precision By Eliminating Biological Noise
Learn how autoclaves ensure scientific validity in remediation research by creating sterile environments for accurate detoxification studies.
What Specific Reaction Conditions Does A Ptfe-Lined Autoclave Provide For Nvp/C Synthesis? Optimize Battery Cathodes
Learn how PTFE-lined autoclaves provide the 190°C hydrothermal environment and high pressure needed for high-purity NVP/C cathode material synthesis.
Why Are Chemical Reaction Vessels With Precision Temperature Control Essential? Unlock High-Quality Chemical Recycling
Learn why precision temperature control (80-100°C) is vital for atmospheric chemical recycling to recover near-virgin quality fibers and resins.
What Is The High Pressure High Temperature (Hpht) Method? Learn How Lab Diamonds Are Grown Via Mimicked Geology
Learn how the HPHT method replicates Earth's mantle conditions to create diamonds using extreme heat, pressure, and metal catalysts.
What Are The Core Requirements For A High-Pressure Batch Reactor Used In Scwo? Expert Design Guide For Researchers
Learn the essential requirements for SCWO batch reactors, including 25 MPa+ pressure rating, 400°C+ stability, and corrosion-resistant alloys.
Why Must Ni-Cr Alloy And Carbon-Coated Samples Be Treated In A Pressure Steam Autoclave? Ensure Data Integrity
Learn why autoclaving Ni-Cr and carbon-coated samples at 135°C is critical for eliminating contamination in bacterial adhesion experiments.
What Is The Purpose Of Heating A Stainless Steel Reactor To 400°C? Achieve A Stable Baseline For Moisture Experiments
Learn why heating a stainless steel reactor to 400°C with dry nitrogen is essential for desorbing moisture and ensuring experimental precision.
Why Is A Specialized High-Pressure Autoclave Required For Nbc/C Synthesis? Achieve Single-Phase Purity At 800°C
Learn how industrial autoclaves enable low-temp NbC/C nanocomposite synthesis via self-pressurization, lowering energy costs and boosting purity.
What Are The Advantages Of Using A High-Pressure Reactor For Furfural Hydrogenation? Optimize Selectivity & Mass Transfer
Discover how high-pressure autoclaves with precision stirring optimize furfural hydrogenation through improved mass transfer and reaction control.
What Are The Structural Advantages Of A Dual-Chamber Stainless Steel Tubular Reactor? Optimize Ethanol Steam Reforming
Discover how dual-chamber tubular reactors improve hydrogen yield and reduce carbon buildup through precise spatial and thermal control.
What Role Does A High-Pressure Reactor Play In The Hydrothermal Processing Of Biomass? Optimize Your Bio-Refinery
Learn how high-pressure reactors transform water into a powerful catalyst for biomass hydrolysis, carbonization, and material functionalization.
What Are The Technical Requirements For High-Temperature Reaction Equipment? Expert Synthesis Of Magnetic Fluids
Master the technical requirements for magnetic fluid thermal decomposition: thermal precision, safety sealing, and exhaust management.
Why Are High-Temperature And High-Pressure Reactors Required To Have Specific Material Properties? Ensure Process Safety
Learn why acid-resistant material properties are vital for high-pressure reactors during biomass hydrolysis to prevent corrosion and contamination.
What Factors Influence The Choice Between Quartz Glass And Stainless Steel Reactors? Key Selection Guide
Learn how scale, thermal shock, and structural integrity dictate the choice between quartz and stainless steel for hydride synthesis.
Why Is A High-Pressure Reactor Necessary For The Htc Of Lignin? Optimize Hydrochar Production Efficiency
Learn why high-pressure reactors are essential for lignin hydrothermal carbonization, enabling subcritical water conditions for hydrochar synthesis.
How Is A Tubular Fluidized Reactor Utilized To Evaluate Catalytic Performance? Mastering Oxide Coating Efficiency
Learn how tubular fluidized reactors evaluate oxide coatings through precise environmental control and gas conversion measurement.
What Are The Specific Parameter Control Requirements For Reaction Vessels In The Two-Stage Process Of Pha Production?
Master the two-stage PHA production process. Learn how to control reaction vessel parameters for maximum biomass and polymer accumulation.
Why Is A High-Pressure Circulating Autoclave Necessary For Pwr Corrosion Testing? Replicating Nuclear Environments
Learn why circulating autoclaves are essential for simulating PWR conditions, controlling water chemistry, and predicting material corrosion rates.
What Process Conditions Does A Hydrothermal Reactor Provide For Mesoporous Ha Synthesis? Master High-Pressure Control
Learn how hydrothermal reactors utilize sealed high-pressure and high-temperature environments to synthesize crystalline mesoporous hydroxyapatite.
What Is The Function Of High-Pressure Reactors In Microalgae Liquefaction? Unlock Bio-Oil Production Efficiency
Learn how high-pressure reactors enable subcritical water states to convert wet microalgae into bio-oil without energy-intensive drying processes.
Why Is A Glass Reactor Under Nitrogen Protection Used For Pdms-B-Pcl Synthesis? Ensure Purity & Precise Polymerization
Learn why nitrogen-blanketed glass reactors are essential for PDMS-b-PCL synthesis, preventing oxidation and ensuring precise process control.
Why Is High Corrosion Resistance A Critical Requirement For Reaction Equipment? Ensure Purity In Acid Hydrolysis
Learn why corrosion resistance is vital in acid hydrolysis to prevent equipment failure and protect downstream fermentation from metal contamination.
What Are The Functions Of Stainless Steel Capsules In Hip Synthesis Of Li2Mnsio4? Key Roles In Crystal Growth
Discover how stainless steel capsules act as isolation vessels and microreactors to enable low-temperature synthesis during Hot Isostatic Pressing.
What Is The Role Of A Laboratory Reactor In The Production Of Modified Fly Ash Microspheres? Precision Surface Coating
Learn how laboratory reactors enable precise metal coating of fly ash microspheres through controlled environmental variables and deposition.
What Type Of Process Environment Is Provided By A Single-Chamber Bottle Reactor System For Mfcs? Optimize Bio-Energy
Learn how single-chamber bottle reactors create the ideal anaerobic environment and air-cathode interface for Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs).
What Is The Function Of A Stainless Steel High-Pressure Reactor In Pmma/Hbn Synthesis? Achieve Precise Polymeric Control
Learn how high-pressure reactors enable thermal control, prevent volatile loss, and ensure high molecular weight in PMMA/hBN composite synthesis.
Why Is A High-Pressure Solid-Phase Reaction Process Necessary For Ag2Sno3? Unlock Unique Modulated Structures
Learn why 35 MPa high pressure is critical for Ag2SnO3 synthesis to prevent decomposition and drive precise atomic reorganization.
What Is The Role Of A High-Pressure Autoclave In Nuclear Fuel Cladding Tests? Ensure Material Safety And Code Validation
Learn how high-pressure autoclaves simulate reactor conditions to measure oxidation and validate safety codes for nuclear fuel cladding materials.
What Scientific Principle Governs The Operation Of A Hydraulic Press? Master Pascal’s Law For Force Multiplication
Learn how Pascal’s Law enables hydraulic presses to multiply force. Explore the mechanics of pressure, piston ratios, and fluid dynamics.
What Core Conditions Must A High-Pressure Autoclave Meet For Supercritical Water Corrosion? Master 27 Mpa & 600°C Tests
Learn the essential temperature and pressure requirements for supercritical water (SCW) corrosion experiments to ensure valid material testing.
What Is The Significance Of A High-Pressure Reactor In Sfe? Optimize Hesperidin Extraction With Precision Control
Learn how high-pressure reactors enable supercritical CO2 to extract pure hesperidin safely, efficiently, and without toxic solvent residues.
What Is The Function Of A Stirred Tank Reactor In Fenton-Tio2? Enhance Dye Degradation & Mass Transfer
Learn how stirred tank reactors optimize dye degradation in Fenton-TiO2 processes by ensuring homogeneity and maximizing mass transfer efficiency.
How Does A High-Pressure Autoclave Assist In Acid Etching Tio2 Nanobelts? Enhance Surface Area And Reactivity
Learn how high-pressure autoclaves optimize TiO2 nanobelt etching, doubling surface area for superior composite material synthesis.
What Is The Function Of A High-Pressure Stainless Steel Reactor In Hds Experiments? Unlock Precise Corrosion Data
Learn how high-pressure reactors replicate refinery conditions (300°C/90 bar) for accurate HDS corrosion testing and material safety.
What Is The Primary Function Of A High-Pressure Reactor In Methane Oxidation? Unlock Liquid-Phase Efficiency
Learn how high-pressure stainless steel reactors overcome methane solubility limits to enhance mass transfer and yield in selective oxidation.
What Are The Advantages Of Using A Specialized Hydrocracking Micro-Reactor? Optimize Fuel Quality & Catalyst Control
Discover how specialized hydrocracking micro-reactors improve fuel quality through precise temperature control and selective carbon chain cutting.
Why Must Hydrothermal Pretreatment Of Sulfonated Activated Carbon Use A Ptfe-Lined Reactor? Ensure Catalyst Purity
Learn why PTFE-lined stainless steel reactors are essential for protecting equipment and preventing metal leaching during catalyst synthesis.
What Is The Function Of A High-Pressure Reactor In Lignin Extraction? Optimize Your Bio-Based Adhesive Production
Learn how high-pressure reactors and autoclaves enable efficient lignin extraction and bio-adhesive synthesis through precise thermal control.
Why Must Pec Reactor Windows Have High Mechanical Strength? Ensuring Safety And Integrity In Solar Energy Conversion
Understand why high mechanical strength in quartz or tempered glass windows is vital for PEC reactor sealing and internal gas pressure containment.
What Are The Methods Of Disposal Of Sludge? A Guide To Landfilling, Incineration, And Beneficial Reuse
Explore the primary sludge disposal methods: landfilling, incineration, and land application. Understand costs, environmental impact, and regulatory factors.
What Is The Problem With Oil Sludge? It's The Precursor To Catastrophic Engine Failure.
Oil sludge is a thick gel that blocks oil flow, causing engine overheating, rapid wear, and seizure. Learn how to prevent it.
How Is A Sealed Stainless Steel High-Pressure Reactor Utilized In Studying Hydrogen Peroxide? | Optimize Oil Field Safety
Learn how high-pressure reactors measure the decomposition kinetics of hydrogen peroxide to prevent downhole equipment failure in oil field applications.
Why Are High-Pressure Stainless Steel Reactors Required For Lhw Pretreatment? Ensure Efficiency & Structural Integrity
Learn why high-pressure stainless steel reactors are essential for LHW biomass pretreatment, enabling autohydrolysis and structural disruption.
How Do High-Pressure Reactors And Instantaneous Pressure Release Devices Work Together? Master Steam Explosion Mastery
Learn how high-pressure reactors and release devices synchronize to dismantle biomass through flash evaporation and mechanical shear forces.
Why Are High-Precision, Corrosion-Resistant Reactors Required For The Acid Extraction Step In Indirect Carbonation?
Discover why acid extraction in mineral carbonation requires high-precision, corrosion-resistant reactors to ensure safety and process efficiency.
What Safety Mechanisms Are Provided By Scwg Sealing Cones? Learn The 'Leak Before Break' Safety Design
Discover how metal-to-metal sealing cones and safety weep holes prevent catastrophic failure in SCWG reactors through controlled pressure release.
How Does A Laboratory Reaction Apparatus Ensure Accuracy In Biodiesel Synthesis? Optimize Mass Transfer And Kinetics
Learn how temperature controllers and stirrers eliminate variables in transesterification for reliable biodiesel synthesis and kinetic data.
Why Use Corrosion-Resistant Reactor Systems For Acid Hydrolysis? Ensure Process Safety And High Fermentation Yields
Learn why corrosion-resistant reactors are vital for acid hydrolysis, preventing metal leaching and protecting microbial health in pretreatment.
What Environment Does An S-Co2 Autoclave Simulate? Replicate Extreme Power Generation Conditions For Material Testing
Learn how S-CO2 autoclaves simulate Gen-IV nuclear reactor environments (600°C/20MPa) to test material corrosion, oxidation, and structural integrity.
Why Is A Nickel-Based Alloy Typically Selected For The High-Pressure Autoclave? Ensure Safety & Precision In S-Co2 Testing
Learn why Nickel-based alloys are essential for S-CO2 autoclaves, offering high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance at 600°C and 20 MPa.
What Role Do Nickel-Based Superalloy Autoclaves Play In Ammonothermal Gan Growth? Key For High-Pressure Crystal Purity
Learn how nickel-based superalloy autoclaves enable GaN crystal growth by enduring 600°C temperatures and extreme supercritical ammonia pressures.
Why Are High-Pressure Stainless Steel Reactors Required For Pe Pre-Treatment? Ensure Safe & Effective Acidic Oxidation
Learn why high-pressure stainless steel reactors are vital for breaking the carbon backbone of polyethylene using nitric acid at 180°C.
Why Use High-Pressure Reactors For Food Waste Pretreatment? Boost Hydrogen Production Efficiency Today!
Learn how hydrothermal reactors use superheated water to deconstruct food waste biomass, accelerating hydrolysis for efficient hydrogen production.
What Is The Purpose Of Treating Polyester Fabric In An Autoclave? Ensure Reliable Results In Lab Experiments
Learn why autoclaving polyester substrates at 121°C is crucial for establishing a sterile baseline in antimicrobial testing.
What Is The Necessity Of Cooling In Peo? Master Thermal Management For High-Quality Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation
Learn why cooling systems and dry ice are vital in PEO to prevent electrolyte degradation and ensure uniform, high-quality ceramic coatings.
How Does A High-Temperature Vacuum Reactor Ensure The Progression Of Polymerization? Master Phfa Synthesis Precision
Learn how high-temperature vacuum reactors drive PHFA polymerization by shifting equilibrium and removing by-products for superior material quality.
What Experimental Conditions Does A Fixed-Bed Flow Reactor Provide? Optimize Voc Oxidation With Coal Fly Ash Zeolites
Learn how fixed-bed flow reactors provide precise thermal control and uniform gas flow for evaluating VOC catalytic oxidation in zeolites.
What Are The Advantages Of Using A 316L Stainless Steel Reactor In Ela Hydrolysis? Optimize Cost & Performance
Discover how 316L stainless steel reactors reduce costs and improve thermal efficiency in extremely low acid (ELA) hydrolysis experiments.
Why Is A Stainless Steel High-Pressure Batch Reactor Required For Guaiacol Hdo? Optimize Your Reaction Kinetics Safely
Learn why stainless steel high-pressure reactors are essential for guaiacol HDO, ensuring safety at 300°C/3MPa and eliminating mass transfer limits.
How Does A Stainless Steel Reactor Body Enhance The Photodegradation Of Methotrexate? Boost Reaction Speed With Optics
Learn how a polished stainless steel reactor body uses UV reflection to increase photon utilization and accelerate methotrexate photodegradation.
What Equipment Is Required For High-Pressure High-Temperature Reactions? Master Extreme Chemistry Safely
Learn about essential laboratory equipment for high-pressure and high-temperature reactions, including reactors, autoclaves, and electrolytic cells.
What Are The Hardware Requirements For Ahp Vs. Acid Treatment? Simplify Your Lab With Cost-Effective Reaction Vessels
Learn why AHP pretreatment hardware is more cost-effective than acid treatment, utilizing standard tanks over expensive alloy pressure vessels.
What Role Does A High-Pressure Static Autoclave Play In Simulating The Service Environment For 310H Stainless Steel?
Learn how high-pressure static autoclaves simulate supercritical water environments (550°C, 250 atm) to test 310H stainless steel for SCW reactors.
What Core Process Conditions Does A Laboratory High-Pressure Reactor Provide For The Hydrogenation Of Furfural (Fal)?
Learn how 1.0 MPa hydrogen pressure and 25°C temperature in a high-pressure reactor optimize the conversion of furfural to furfuryl alcohol.