Faqs - Round Bidirectional Press Mold For Lab

Why Are Silicon Carbide (Sic) Or Tantalum (Ta) Liners Used In High-Pressure Reactors? Ensure Data Integrity & Safety
Learn how SiC and Tantalum liners protect high-pressure reactors from chemical attack and prevent ion contamination during corrosive immersion tests.
What Is The Role Of A Laboratory-Scale Ball Mill In The Pretreatment Of Microalgae Biomass? Boost Cell Wall Disruption
Learn how laboratory-scale ball mills utilize high-intensity mechanical force to disrupt microalgae cell walls and enhance biomethane production.
What Is The Critical Role Of A High-Pressure Hydrothermal Reactor In Mesoporous Hydroxyapatite Synthesis?
Learn how high-pressure reactors enable phase purity and precise pore tuning in mesoporous hydroxyapatite synthesis via hydrothermal methods.
Why Use A Teflon-Lined Stainless Steel Autoclave For Tio2 Nanobelts? Achieve Extreme Chemical & Pressure Resistance
Learn why Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclaves are essential for TiO2 nanobelt synthesis involving high pressure and corrosive alkali treatments.
What Is The Function Of A High-Pressure Autoclave In Mcm-41 Synthesis? Architecting Ordered Mesoporous Silica
Learn how high-pressure autoclaves drive hydrothermal synthesis to create stable, ordered hexagonal frameworks in mesoporous silica MCM-41.
What Role Does A High-Pressure Stainless Steel Autoclave Play In Synthesizing Fots-Tio2? Mastering Material Morphology
Learn how high-pressure autoclaves enable solvothermal synthesis of FOTS-TiO2 by controlling crystal growth and micro-nano structural hierarchies.
What Role Do Nickel-Based Superalloy Autoclaves Play In Ammonothermal Gan Growth? Key For High-Pressure Crystal Purity
Learn how nickel-based superalloy autoclaves enable GaN crystal growth by enduring 600°C temperatures and extreme supercritical ammonia pressures.
How Does The Combination Of A Two-Way Pressing Mold And A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Improve Yttrium Oxide Ceramics?
Learn how two-way pressing at 200 MPa eliminates density gradients in Yttrium Oxide green bodies to ensure high density and optical transparency.
What Are The Core Functions Of A High-Pressure Magnetic Drive Reactor? Simulate Co2 Corrosion For Underground Strings
Learn how high-pressure magnetic drive reactors simulate CO2 corrosion environments for underground strings with leak-free, dynamic mixing.
How Do Microwave Synthesis Reactors Compare To Traditional Heating Methods? Faster, Greener Nanoparticle Synthesis
Compare microwave vs. traditional heating for green silver nanoparticle synthesis. Discover why microwave reactors offer superior speed and efficiency.
What Are The Core Requirements For A High-Pressure Batch Reactor Used In Scwo? Expert Design Guide For Researchers
Learn the essential requirements for SCWO batch reactors, including 25 MPa+ pressure rating, 400°C+ stability, and corrosion-resistant alloys.
What Physical Changes Occur To Ceramic Materials Like Zirconia During Sintering? Maximize Density And Strength
Learn how sintering transforms porous zirconia into high-strength ceramics through densification, porosity reduction, and volume shrinkage.
How Do An Infinitely Variable Speed Stirrer And Internal Baffles Function Within A High-Pressure Reactor? Maximize Leaching
Learn how variable speed stirrers and internal baffles eliminate mass transfer resistance and optimize turbulence in high-pressure reactors.
What Process Conditions Does A Hydrothermal Synthesis Reactor Provide For Mg(Gly) Mofs? Ensure Precision Synthesis
Learn how hydrothermal reactors create the high-pressure, thermal environments needed for Mg(GLY) MOF synthesis and 2D crystal growth.
How Do Heating Jackets On Reactors Ensure Experimental Precision? Optimize Biomass Separation & Prevent Degradation
Learn how precision heating jackets ensure experimental accuracy in biomass separation by providing rapid heating and strict thermal stability.
What Is The Significance Of A High-Pressure Reactor In Sfe? Optimize Hesperidin Extraction With Precision Control
Learn how high-pressure reactors enable supercritical CO2 to extract pure hesperidin safely, efficiently, and without toxic solvent residues.
What Advantages Does Supercritical Fluid Technology Provide For Iridium Catalysts? Achieve Precision Nano-Synthesis
Discover how supercritical fluid synthesis (SFS) delivers 1–10 nm Iridium particles with ±0.5 nm precision for enhanced catalytic mass activity.
What Is The Core Value Of High-Pressure Extraction Vessels In Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (Scco2) Explosion Pretreatment?
Discover how high-pressure vessels drive scCO2 explosion pretreatment to unlock biomass structures and preserve sugars without thermal degradation.
What Physical Role Do Specialized Tooling Fixtures Play In The Reactor Layout For Airtight Sic Coating? Precision Guide
Learn how specialized tooling fixtures ensure uniform, airtight Silicon Carbide (SiC) deposition by optimizing workpiece positioning and flow.
What Functions Do High-Pressure Vessels And Internal Insulation Layers Serve In The Operation Of An H2So4 Decomposer?
Learn how high-pressure vessels and internal insulation work together to ensure safety and thermal efficiency in H2SO4 decomposers.
What Benefits Does A Temperature-Controlled Magnetic Stirred Reactor Provide? Optimize Karanja Oil Epoxidation
Discover how precise thermal control and high shear force in magnetic stirred reactors enhance mass transfer and selectivity in oil epoxidation.
What Is The Function Of Ptfe Reaction Kettle Bodies In Micro-Cstr Systems? Enhance Chemical Stability & Flow
Discover how PTFE reaction kettle bodies provide chemical inertness and non-stick properties to prevent clogging and corrosion in micro-CSTR systems.
What Functions Does A High-Pressure Autoclave Perform In Pwsccgr Testing? Simulate Reactor Environments With Precision
Learn how high-pressure autoclaves simulate PWR primary circuit conditions to measure stress corrosion cracking in TT 690 alloy.
Why Must Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Plates Be Treated In A Vacuum Drying Oven? Ensuring Safety And Stability
Learn why vacuum drying is critical for Li-ion battery cathode plates to prevent electrolyte decomposition and ensure electrochemical performance.
What Conditions Does A High-Pressure Hydrothermal Reactor Provide For Pe Microplastic Degradation? Master Aops Today
Learn how hydrothermal autoclaves provide the heat and pressure needed for thermal activation of oxidants to degrade PE microplastics via AOPs.
What Critical Physical Environment Does A High-Pressure Hydrothermal Reactor Provide? Master Zno/Tio2 Wood Synthesis
Learn how high-pressure hydrothermal reactors enable in-situ nucleation and superior nanoparticle adhesion for durable wood modification.
What Role Do Precision Temperature Controllers Play In High-Pressure Hydrogenation? Ensure ±5°C Stability
Discover how precision temperature control and Pt100 sensors ensure data integrity and kinetic accuracy in high-pressure corrosion experiments.
What Is The Primary Function Of High-Pressure Reactors In Hds Corrosion Studies? Optimize Material Durability
Learn how high-pressure reactors simulate HDS conditions (200-300°C, 20-90 bar) to evaluate corrosion rates and test material durability safely.
What Is The Function Of A High-Pressure Reactor In Spion Synthesis? Achieve Precise Nanoparticle Engineering
Learn how high-pressure reactors enable solvothermal synthesis of SPIONs, ensuring uniform particle size and superior magnetic properties.
Why Must Pec Reactor Windows Have High Mechanical Strength? Ensuring Safety And Integrity In Solar Energy Conversion
Understand why high mechanical strength in quartz or tempered glass windows is vital for PEC reactor sealing and internal gas pressure containment.
What Is The Role Of A High-Pressure Reactor In The Solvothermal Synthesis Of Molecular Sieve Catalysts?
Learn how high-pressure reactors enable the synthesis of molecular sieves by generating autogenous pressure and driving precursor dissolution.
What Is The Function Of A High-Pressure Reactor In Lignin Extraction? Optimize Your Bio-Based Adhesive Production
Learn how high-pressure reactors and autoclaves enable efficient lignin extraction and bio-adhesive synthesis through precise thermal control.
Why Is A Ptfe-Lined Stainless Steel Autoclave Required For Ag@N-Tio2? Ensure Purity And Performance In Synthesis
Learn why PTFE-lined autoclaves are vital for Ag@N-TiO2 synthesis, ensuring uniform loading, stable binding, and zero metallic contamination.
How Do Acid-Resistant Reactors Ensure Glycerin Purity? Optimize Acidification For Superior Chemical Separation
Learn how acid-resistant reactors enable precise pH control (1-2) to convert soap impurities and achieve high-purity glycerin through stratification.
What Is The Significance Of Using A Laboratory Constant-Temperature Shaker In Corrosion Inhibitor Biodegradation Study?
Learn how laboratory shakers simulate fluid shear and thermal stability to accurately test corrosion inhibitor performance against microbes.
How Does A High-Pressure Hydrothermal Reactor Facilitate Simulated Deep-Strata Testing? Prove Your Material Performance
Learn how high-pressure reactors mimic deep-well environments via autogenous pressure and high heat to test slow-release acid material stability.
What Is The Maximum Pressure For A Filter Press? Choosing The Right Psi For Your Process
Learn the max pressure for filter presses (100 PSI or 225 PSI) and how to select the right system for your slurry dewatering needs.
How Does The Axial Pressure Provided By A Laboratory Hydraulic System Influence Weld Formation? Master Precision Bonding
Learn how axial pressure and micro-plastic deformation eliminate surface irregularities to ensure dense, pore-free diffusion bonds in the lab.
What Is The Significance Of Using A Ptfe-Lined Pressure Reactor For Zndphp Synthesis? Ensure Purity And Performance
Learn why PTFE-lined reactors are essential for ZnDPhP synthesis to prevent corrosion, maintain high pressure, and ensure pure acicular crystals.
Why Is Precise Pressure Control Necessary In High-Pressure Reaction Systems? Master Selectivity In Furan Hydrogenation
Learn why precise pressure control is vital for HMF to DMF conversion, preventing over-reduction and ensuring high product selectivity and safety.
What Is The Function Of High-Pressure Reactors In The Synthesis Of Mfi-Type Zeolites? Master Dry Gel Conversion.
Learn how high-pressure reactors enable MFI-type zeolite synthesis via Dry Gel Conversion through autogenous pressure and thermal stability.
What Are The Advantages Of Using A Stainless Steel Cylindrical Reactor? Maximize Photocatalytic Efficiency
Discover why stainless steel cylindrical reactors outperform open containers for pharmaceutical degradation through superior energy and chemical resistance.
What Are The Specific Roles Of The Stainless Steel Vessel And The Insulation Layer In A High-Temperature Biomass Reactor?
Learn how the stainless steel vessel and insulation layer optimize biomass reactors through structural integrity and thermal efficiency.
How Does A High-Pressure Hydrothermal Reactor Facilitate The Synthesis Of Mesoporous Hydroxyapatite? Master Your Catalyst
Learn how high-pressure reactors enable subcritical synthesis of mesoporous hydroxyapatite catalysts for superior catalytic performance.
How Should A Pre-Treated Carbon Fiber Brush Be Installed? Ensure Reliable Electrochemical Performance
Step-by-step guide to installing a carbon fiber brush electrode for optimal electrical contact, mass transport, and mechanical stability in your reactor setup.
What Is Catalytic Pyrolysis Of Plastic Waste? Turn Mixed Plastics Into High-Value Fuels
Learn how catalytic pyrolysis efficiently converts mixed plastic waste into high-quality synthetic oil, reducing energy use and improving product value.
What Role Does A High-Pressure Static Autoclave Play In Simulating The Service Environment For 310H Stainless Steel?
Learn how high-pressure static autoclaves simulate supercritical water environments (550°C, 250 atm) to test 310H stainless steel for SCW reactors.
What Tasks Does A High-Temperature Molten Salt Reactor Perform During The Cu-Cl Cycle? Optimize Oxygen Production
Learn how high-temperature molten salt reactors drive the Cu-Cl cycle thermolysis through precise heat control and corrosion resistance.
What Is The Technical Significance Of Parallel Electrode Plates In Electrocoagulation? Optimize Reactor Efficiency
Learn how parallel electrode spacing ensures uniform electric fields, controls metal ion release, and reduces energy in electrocoagulation systems.
What Equipment Materials Should Be Selected For Corrosive Microreactions? Titanium Linings For High-Pressure Safety
Learn why a composite strategy using titanium-lined nickel alloys is essential for high-temperature and high-pressure nitric acid microreactions.
What Role Does A Laboratory Temperature-Controlled Reactor Play In Biological Corrosion Simulation Experiments? - Kintek
Learn how temperature-controlled reactors stabilize microbial acid production at 30°C to ensure repeatable concrete corrosion simulations.
What Type Of Process Environment Is Provided By A Single-Chamber Bottle Reactor System For Mfcs? Optimize Bio-Energy
Learn how single-chamber bottle reactors create the ideal anaerobic environment and air-cathode interface for Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs).
What Is The Role Of A Teflon-Lined Autoclave In The Hydrothermal Synthesis Of Tio2 Precursors? Achieve High Purity
Learn how Teflon-lined autoclaves enable TiO2 synthesis through high-pressure containment, subcritical environments, and chemical inertness.
What Is The Function Of Using An Agate Mortar During The Precursor Mixing Stage Of Sulfide Solid Electrolyte Synthesis?
Learn why agate mortars are essential for mixing sulfide solid electrolytes, ensuring high purity and uniform particle refinement without contamination.
What Is The Function Of High-Temperature Chemical Reactors For High-Purity Antimony Trioxide? Precision Processing Guide
Learn how high-temperature reactors control oxidation and thermodynamics to ensure extreme whiteness and precise particle size in antimony trioxide.
How Does A High-Temperature Flow Reactor System Function? Precision Testing For Methane Oxidation & T50% Evaluation
Learn how high-temperature flow reactors simulate combustion to evaluate catalyst activity through precise flow control and T50% metric analysis.
What Are The Advantages Of Using A Closed Reactor System For Iridium Powder? Maximize Recovery With High-Pressure Yields
Discover how closed reactor systems bypass thermal limits at 130°C to accelerate reaction kinetics and achieve 100% iridium recovery.
What Is The Primary Function Of A High-Pressure Reactor In Catalyst Preparation? Mastering Hydrothermal Synthesis
Learn how high-pressure reactors enable hydrothermal synthesis to create high-surface-area nanocatalysts for methane reforming.
How Does A Rocking High-Pressure Reactor Benefit Subsurface Microbial Simulation? Achieve Real-World Accuracy
Learn how rocking high-pressure reactors use mechanical agitation to simulate subsurface fluid flow and ensure data homogeneity for microbes.
How Do High-Pressure Autoclave Systems Simulate Nuclear Reactor Environments? Precision Sco2 Corrosion Studies
Learn how high-pressure autoclaves mimic sCO2 nuclear environments at 650°C and 20.7 MPa to evaluate material corrosion and structural integrity.
What Are The Advantages Of Using Water And Organic Solvent Biphasic System Reactors For Furfural Research? Maximize Yield
Learn how biphasic system reactors protect furfural from degradation, enhance selectivity, and streamline purification for higher research yields.
How Does A Teflon-Lined Stainless Steel Autoclave Facilitate The Hydrothermal Synthesis Of Co(Oh)F Nanowire Precursors?
Learn how autogenous pressure and Teflon linings in autoclaves enable high-purity, oriented growth of Co(OH)F nanowire precursors.
What Role Does A High-Pressure Autoclave Play In Nife Oxide Synthesis? Optimize Your Catalytic Efficiency
Learn how high-pressure autoclaves enable precise crystal growth and (100) plane exposure for high-performance NiFe-based catalysts.
What Role Does A Temperature-Controlled Reactor Play In Pet Waste Degradation? Optimize Glycolysis Efficiency
Learn how temperature-controlled reactors facilitate PET glycolysis and transesterification to produce high-quality BHPT oligomers.
What Is The Function Of A High-Pressure Stainless Steel Reactor And Its Ptfe Liner? Expert Solvothermal Synthesis Guide
Learn how high-pressure reactors and PTFE liners facilitate the synthesis of octahedral MnS through precise pressure and chemical control.
Why Use Precision-Machined Stainless Steel Liners In Parallel Reactors? Optimize Catalyst Evaluation Consistency
Learn how precision-machined stainless steel liners ensure experimental consistency, high-temperature durability, and rapid catalyst screening.
What Experimental Conditions Do High-Pressure Reactors Provide For Studying The Chemical Corrosion Of Epoxy Resins?
Learn how high-pressure reactors simulate ozone and nitric acid environments to test the chemical resistance and oxidation of epoxy resins.
What Role Does A High-Vacuum Reactor Play In Ti-Al-Y Alloy Synthesis? Master High-Temperature Hydride Processing
Learn how high-vacuum reactors drive dehydrogenation and prevent oxidation at 1200°C for pure Ti-Al-Y alloy synthesis using hydride technology.
What Technical Advantages Does A High-Pressure Sealed Reactor Offer For Transesterification? Boost Biodiesel Efficiency
Discover how high-pressure reactors optimize transesterification by maintaining stoichiometry and accelerating reaction kinetics for biodiesel.
Why Is A High-Pressure Hydrothermal Autoclave Core For G-C3N4/Ceo2? Achieve Powerful Heterojunction Synthesis
Learn how high-pressure hydrothermal autoclaves enable the critical interfacial bonding required for high-performance g-C3N4/CeO2 nanocomposites.
What Essential Conditions Does A Stainless Steel Tubular Reactor Provide For The Pyrolysis Of Meranti Wood Sawdust?
Learn how stainless steel tubular reactors provide the high temperatures and oxygen-free environments needed for Meranti wood sawdust pyrolysis.
Why Use Polyethylene Vs High-Pressure Reactors For Goethite And Hematite? Expert Synthesis Guide
Learn why temperature and vapor pressure dictate the choice between polyethylene bottles and high-pressure autoclaves for iron oxide synthesis.
How Do Teflon (Ptfe) Baskets Facilitate Glass Thin-Film Leaching? Enhance Accuracy With Chemical Inertness
Learn how PTFE baskets optimize glass thin-film leaching by ensuring uniform exposure and preventing contamination in corrosive environments.
What Is The Role Of A Laboratory Shaker In Silane Sol Preparation? Master Uniform Aramid Fabric Coating
Learn how laboratory shakers ensure chemical uniformity, facilitate hydrolysis, and prevent premature polymerization in silane sol-gel processes.
Why Are High-Pressure Laboratory Reactors Essential For Biomass Treatment? Optimize Hydrothermal Carbonization
Learn how high-pressure reactors enable subcritical water states for efficient biomass hydrolysis, deacetylation, and chemical transformation.
What Critical Conditions Does A Laboratory High-Pressure Reactor Provide For Co2 Pretreatment? Secure Carbon Steel Protection
Learn how high-pressure reactors enable the formation of protective siderite layers on carbon steel through controlled CO2 pretreatment.
Why Are Stainless Steel Autoclaves Essential For Ldh Synthesis? Optimize 2D Nanomaterial Crystallinity
Discover how stainless steel autoclaves enable subcritical conditions for superior LDH synthesis, crystal growth, and structural stability.
Why Is High Corrosion Resistance Required For High-Pressure Reactor Liners During Sorbitol Conversion?
Learn why corrosion resistance is critical in sorbitol conversion to prevent catalyst poisoning, leaching, and equipment failure under high heat.
Why Is A Reaction Vessel Equipped With A Nitrogen Purging System Required For The Synthesis? Ensure Synthesis Success.
Learn why nitrogen purging is critical for synthesizing phosphorylated cardanol to prevent hydrolysis and ensure high purity and yield.
What Is The Critical Role Of An Autoclave In The Solvothermal Synthesis Of Mofs? Unlock High-Crystallinity Structures
Learn how autoclaves enable solvothermal MOF synthesis by enhancing solubility and controlling nucleation through high pressure and temperature.
What Is The Function Of A Sealed Reactor Equipped With An Impeller Stirrer? Optimize Silicone Enamel Mixing
Learn how sealed reactors with impeller stirrers ensure uniform pigment dispersion and prevent solvent loss in silicone enamel preparation.
How Do Nitrogen Plasma Reactors Achieve High-Efficiency Conversion? Maximize Resource Recovery From Sludge
Learn how nitrogen plasma reactors use high-energy impact and catalysts to convert sludge into 24% acetylene and 20% ethylene efficiently.
Why Use High-Pressure Reactors For Food Waste Pretreatment? Boost Hydrogen Production Efficiency Today!
Learn how hydrothermal reactors use superheated water to deconstruct food waste biomass, accelerating hydrolysis for efficient hydrogen production.
What Are The Specifications And Features Of The Platens In A Hot Press? Optimize Your Panel Production Efficiency
Learn about hot press platen specifications, including solid steel construction, chromium plating, and internal thermal regulation systems.
What Role Do High-Pressure Reactors Play In Shs? Master Nitrogen Fixation For Superior Composite Ferroalloys
Learn how high-pressure reactors control nitrogen filtration and phase composition in SHS to produce high-quality composite ferroalloys.
What Technical Advantages Do Continuous Tube Fixed-Bed Reactors Offer? Elevate Acetin Production Efficiency
Discover why continuous tube fixed-bed reactors outperform batch systems for acetin preparation through steady-state operation and uniform heat.
What Are The Functions Of A Dedicated Reactor And Stirrer In T5K10 Powder Preparation? Optimize Alloy Uniformity
Learn how reactors and stirrers drive electro-spark dispersion for T5K10 hard alloy powders by ensuring stable discharges and material uniformity.
Why Are Corrosion-Resistant Chemical Reactors Essential For The Hydrometallurgical Leaching Of Platinum?
Learn why acid-resistant reactors are critical for platinum recovery using aqua regia and how they ensure safe, efficient metal ion conversion.
How Are Fixed-Bed Reactors Used To Evaluate Perovskite Oxygen Carriers? Master Material Kinetics And Durability.
Discover how fixed-bed reactors evaluate perovskite oxygen carriers by simulating chemical looping cycles to test kinetics and structural stability.
Why Is A Glass Reactor With Precision Stirring Essential For Aluminum Dross Acid Leaching? Boost Your Recovery Yields
Learn how combining chemical resistance with precision stirring achieves a 99% aluminum leaching rate at just 60°C while resisting acid corrosion.
Why Must Scwg Reactors Maintain A Specific Heating Rate? Protect Your High-Pressure Vessels From Thermal Stress
Learn why high-precision heating rates are critical for SCWG reactors to prevent thermal stress, micro-cracks, and structural failure during startup.
How Do High-Pressure Reactors And Instantaneous Pressure Release Devices Work Together? Master Steam Explosion Mastery
Learn how high-pressure reactors and release devices synchronize to dismantle biomass through flash evaporation and mechanical shear forces.
What Is The Function Of A Constant Temperature Orbital Shaker In Biosynthesis? Optimize Zirconium Dioxide Nanoparticles
Learn how constant temperature orbital shakers optimize dissolved oxygen and precursor mixing for uniform zirconium dioxide nanoparticle synthesis.
How Does A Specialized Gas Treatment Reactor Improve Glass? Enhance Material Stability With Sulfurization
Learn how specialized gas treatment reactors use SO2 vapor to create sulfur bloom, improving glass chemical stability and wear resistance.
What Is The Role Of Transition Metal Substrates In Cvd Graphene? Master Catalyst & Growth Mechanism Explained
Learn how transition metal substrates act as catalysts in CVD graphene synthesis to control layer uniformity and grain size for high-quality results.
How Does A Hot Pressing System Improve The Performance Of Tlbr Semiconductor Crystals? Optimize Lattice And Performance
Discover how hot pressing systems use thermomechanical coupling to eliminate defects and boost charge collection in TlBr semiconductor detectors.
What Is The Role Of A High-Pressure Powder Conductivity Test System? Optimize Catalyst Supports For Hydrogen Production
Learn how high-pressure powder conductivity test systems evaluate catalyst supports like ATO by simulating real-world electrode stack conditions.
What Problem Is Addressed By High-Temperature Molten Salt Or Sodium Peroxide Fusion? Overcome Catalyst Lattice Stability
Learn how high-temperature fusion breaks stable crystalline lattices in spent catalysts to enable efficient metal extraction and recovery.
How Does A High-Pressure Hydrothermal Reactor Facilitate The Synthesis Of Mesoporous Molybdate-Substituted Hydroxyapatite?
Learn how high-pressure hydrothermal reactors enable precise ion substitution and mesoporous structure control for high-performance catalysts.
Why Use High-Pressure Reactors For Ultra-Supercritical Boiler Research? Essential Tools For Steel Material Validation
Learn why high-pressure reactors (25-35 MPa) and steam systems are critical for simulating ultra-supercritical boiler conditions in steel research.