Learn the key differences between voltaic and electrolytic cells: spontaneity, energy flow, and applications in power generation vs. chemical synthesis.
Explore the resistance of quartz: natural crystalline quartz excels in physical hardness, while fused quartz offers superior thermal and chemical stability.
Learn why XRF sample prep quality—thickness, flatness, homogeneity—matters more than mass. Choose the right method for metals, powders, or fused beads.