Faqs - Ptfe Electrolytic Cell Electrochemical Cell Corrosion-Resistant Sealed And Non-Sealed

Why Is A Ptfe-Lined Stainless Steel Autoclave Required For Ag@N-Tio2? Ensure Purity And Performance In Synthesis
Learn why PTFE-lined autoclaves are vital for Ag@N-TiO2 synthesis, ensuring uniform loading, stable binding, and zero metallic contamination.
What Is The Function Of A High-Pressure Stainless Steel Reactor In Hds Experiments? Unlock Precise Corrosion Data
Learn how high-pressure reactors replicate refinery conditions (300°C/90 bar) for accurate HDS corrosion testing and material safety.
Why Is A Controlled Environment Necessary For Researching The Self-Passivation Of Hastelloy? Expert Analysis
Learn why controlled environments are vital for Hastelloy research, focusing on molybdenum enrichment and electropositive layer formation.
What Is The Function Of A High-Pressure Stainless Steel Reactor In Pwr Corrosion Tests? Expert Simulation Guide
Understand how high-pressure reactors simulate PWR environments at 300°C/90 bar to study corrosion, passivation films, and material degradation.
How Do External Pressure-Balanced Ag/Agcl Electrodes And Salt Bridges Solve Hthp Testing Challenges?
Learn how external pressure-balanced Ag/AgCl electrodes and non-isothermal salt bridges ensure stability in high-temperature and high-pressure labs.
Purpose Of Copper Foil In Sodium Battery Testing: Key For Measuring Coulombic Efficiency And Safety
Learn how copper foil serves as the essential substrate in sodium metal battery testing to monitor plating, stripping, and dendrite formation.
What Is The Technical Significance Of The Pressure Environment In Glucose Isomerization? Maximize Yield And Stability
Learn how high-pressure reactors optimize glucose isomerization by preventing solvent evaporation and suppressing oxidative side reactions for higher yields.
What Are The Primary Functions Of A Precision Reactor? Optimize Halogenated Unsaturated Polyester Resin Synthesis
Learn how precision reactors manage temperature, agitation, and acid value monitoring to produce high-quality halogenated polyester resins.
What Critical Environmental Conditions Does A High-Pressure Autoclave Provide? Mastering Fecral Alloy Corrosion Testing
Learn how high-pressure autoclaves simulate LWR environments, maintaining 330°C and dissolved hydrogen for FeCrAl alloy corrosion evaluation.
What Core Functions Does A Single-Chamber Bio-Electrochemical Reactor Provide? Optimize Your Mes Experiments Today
Learn how single-chamber bio-electrochemical reactors integrate in-situ hydrogen evolution with biological metabolism for efficient MES research.
What Are The Functions Of A Reaction Vessel In Silver Nanowire Synthesis? Master Precision Thermal & Kinetic Control
Learn how precision heating mantles and mechanical stirrers regulate reduction kinetics and mass transfer for uniform silver nanowire growth.
What Critical Conditions Does A Laboratory High-Pressure Reactor Provide For Co2 Pretreatment? Secure Carbon Steel Protection
Learn how high-pressure reactors enable the formation of protective siderite layers on carbon steel through controlled CO2 pretreatment.
What Are The Technical Advantages Of High-Pressure Reactor Extraction Vs Soxhlet? Boost Polymer Analysis Precision
Discover how high-pressure reactors outperform Soxhlet extraction in rubber analysis through superior thermodynamics and speed.
What Is The Primary Function Of A Stainless Steel High-Pressure Reactor In Furfural Oxidation? Enhance Mass Transfer
Learn how high-pressure reactors overcome solubility barriers and optimize mass transfer in furfural oxidation esterification reactions.
How Does A High-Pressure Reactor Facilitate The Simulation Of Deep-Well Environments? Master Hthp Corrosion Testing
Learn how high-pressure reactors (autoclaves) simulate deep-well HTHP environments (120°C/10MPa) to evaluate material corrosion and anode integrity.
What Is The Specific Application Of A Platinum Electrode In Electrochemical Testing Of Nicrcotiv High-Entropy Alloys?
Learn why platinum electrodes are essential as auxiliary electrodes for accurate EIS and polarization testing of high-entropy alloys.
Why Is A Platinum Electrode Typically Selected As The Auxiliary Or Counter Electrode? Unlock Precise Data Accuracy
Learn why platinum's chemical inertness and high conductivity make it the gold standard for auxiliary electrodes in electrochemical measurements.
What Are The Advantages Of Using Lab-Scale Batch Reactors For Screening Hydrothermal Process Parameters? Find The Key!
Discover the benefits of lab-scale batch reactors for optimizing hydrothermal processes, including precise variable control and easy feedstock screening.
Why Is A Platinum Wire Counter Electrode Necessary For Eis On 8620 Steel? Ensure Pure Data Accuracy
Learn why platinum electrodes are critical for EIS on 8620 steel to prevent interference and ensure precise impedance data collection.
What Critical Role Does A Platinum Counter Electrode Play In Bioelectrochemical Reactions? Ensure Data Purity And Stability
Learn how platinum counter electrodes stabilize electrical circuits and protect biological integrity in electrochemical systems.
What Is The Primary Role Of High-Pressure Reactors In The Hot Water Extraction (Hwe) Process? Unlock Green Biorefining
Discover how high-pressure reactors enable subcritical water extraction for wood biorefining, facilitating chemical-free hemicellulose separation.
What Is The Primary Function Of A Batch Glass Reactor In Electrocoagulation? Enhance Wastewater Treatment Visibility
Discover how batch glass reactors provide a chemically inert environment and visual monitoring for electrocoagulation in electroplating wastewater.
How Is A High-Pressure Reactor Utilized In Microalgae Thermal Hydrolysis? Maximize Biomass Conversion Efficiency
Learn how high-pressure reactors use subcritical water to dissolve cell walls and accelerate microalgae pretreatment for biofuel production.
Why Must Pressure Vessels For Strontium Reactors Adhere To Asme Codes? Ensure Safety In Extreme 1000°C Environments
Learn why ASME compliance and corrosion allowances are critical for pressure vessels in high-temp reactors to ensure safety and 30-year longevity.
What Is The Function Of A Stainless Steel Pressure Mold In Solid-State Battery Testing? Optimize Ionic Conductivity
Learn how stainless steel pressure molds stabilize solid-solid interfaces and manage volume fluctuations in all-solid-state battery testing.
How Is A Galvanostat Used To Evaluate F-Rgo Layers? Quantifying Protective Performance In Lithium Metal Batteries
Learn how galvanostats and battery testing systems evaluate F-rGO layers via symmetric cell cycling and voltage analysis.
How Does The Thermal Efficiency Of A Direct Heating Pyrolysis Reactor Compare To An Indirect Heating Reactor System?
Discover why direct heating pyrolysis reactors offer superior thermal efficiency, faster heating rates, and more precise control than indirect systems.
What Role Does An Ag/Agcl Reference Electrode Play In Organic Solvent Dissolution? Precision Stability For Noble Metals
Learn how Ag/AgCl reference electrodes provide stable potentials for noble metal dissolution in organic solvents while managing junction potential.
How Does Multi-Stage Drying In A Laboratory Oven Benefit Cmc? Optimize Purity And Preserve Chemical Integrity
Learn how multi-stage drying (100°C to 60°C) prevents polymer degradation and protects the Degree of Substitution in CMC production.
Why Must Platinum Paste Electrodes Be Fired At 1100°C? Unlock High Conductivity And Mechanical Stability
Discover why firing platinum paste at 1100°C is essential for sintering, organic removal, and ensuring low resistance in electrochemical testing.
What Is The Function Of A Reactor Equipped With A Stirrer? Optimize Aminosiloxane Synthesis With Precision Mixing
Discover how high-efficiency stirring ensures reactant homogeneity, facilitates molecular collisions, and stabilizes aminosiloxane synthesis reactions.
What Are The Advantages Of Nickel-Based Alloy Reaction Vessels In Shale Oil Experiments? Ensure Safety And Performance
Discover why nickel-based alloys are essential for supercritical water experiments, offering high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance.
Why Are Large-Area Platinum Foils Or Graphite Rods Selected As Counter Electrodes? Ensure Precise Corrosion Research
Learn why large-area Platinum and Graphite are essential counter electrodes to minimize polarization in nickel-based alloy corrosion testing.
Why Are Hastelloy Reactors Selected For Mud Acid Systems? Superior Resistance To Hf/Hcl Corrosion
Learn why Hastelloy reactors are the gold standard for mud acid experiments, offering elite resistance to HF/HCl at up to 400°C and 12 MPa.
Why Use 60°C For Lpsc Solid-State Battery Testing? Enhance Ionic Conductivity And Accelerate Performance Results
Learn why 60°C is the standard for LPSC battery testing to overcome kinetic limits, boost ionic conductivity, and speed up research cycles.
What Is The Role Of A Titanium Metal Mesh As A Counter Electrode? Optimize Efficiency In Large-Scale Systems
Learn how titanium mesh serves as a high-performance counter electrode, reducing resistance and resisting corrosion in fixed-bed systems.
What Are The Roles Of Pt Counter And Reference Electrodes In Nitrided Steel Testing? Optimize Your Electrochemical Data
Learn how platinum counter electrodes and reference electrodes ensure precision and stability in electrochemical testing of nitrided steel.
What Are The Functions Of The Ag/Agcl Reference Electrode And The Platinum Wire In (U1−Xthx)O2 Film Oxidation Studies?
Learn how Ag/AgCl reference electrodes and platinum counter electrodes enable precise oxidation mechanism analysis for (U1−xThx)O2 thin films.
What Are The Technical Advantages Of Using Boron-Doped Diamond (Bdd) Electrodes? Maximize Wastewater Mineralization
Unlock the benefits of BDD electrodes: high oxygen evolution potential, hydroxyl radical production, and non-selective oxidation for COD removal.
What Is The Function Of Graphite Electrodes In Eaops For Pvc Microplastics? Enhance Degradation With In Situ Radicals
Learn how graphite electrodes act as cathodes in EAOPs to generate hydroxyl radicals for efficient PVC dechlorination and carbon chain degradation.
What Is The Role Of A High-Pressure Stainless Steel Reactor In Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Preparation? Enhance Material Performance
Learn how high-pressure reactors enable hydrothermal etching to create bio-inspired nanostructured Ti-6Al-4V alloys with precise oxide layers.
How Are Wafers And Electrodes Configured Within A Pecvd System? Mastering Parallel-Plate Architecture
Learn the essentials of PECVD electrode configuration, from parallel-plate design to plasma generation for uniform thin-film deposition.
What Is The Role Of A Controlled Chemical Reactor In Recycling Pet Bottles? Transform Waste Into High-Value Concrete
Learn how controlled chemical reactors convert waste PET into polyester resins via glycolysis to enhance concrete durability and sustainability.
What Is The Role Of A Glass Reactor In Alkaline Water Electrolysis? Ensure Safety And Visual Precision
Discover why glass reactors are essential for alkaline electrolysis, offering chemical resistance to KOH and vital visual monitoring for hydrogen production.
What Is The Function Of Graphite Molds In Sps For Llzt? Maximize Conductivity And Pressure For Solid Electrolytes
Learn how graphite molds act as heating elements and pressure transmitters in SPS to achieve high-density LLZT solid electrolytes efficiently.
What Is The Primary Function Of A Teflon-Lined Stainless Steel High-Pressure Autoclave In The Preparation Of Zno Nanoparticles?
Learn how Teflon-lined autoclaves enable pure ZnO nanoparticle synthesis through hydrothermal pressure control and chemical inertness.
How Do Reactors And Stirring Systems Influence Uranium Waste Precipitation? Optimize Your Radioactive Waste Management
Learn how reactors and stirring systems drive the chemical precipitation of uranium, reducing liquid radioactivity through precise mixing and control.
What Is The Advantage Of Using High-Pressure Hydrothermal Reactors To Treat Biomass Waste? Efficient Resource Recovery
Discover how high-pressure hydrothermal reactors transform wet biomass into high-performance hydrochar and bio-oil without energy-intensive drying.
Why Is A Laboratory Ultrasonic Homogenizer Necessary? Ensure Accurate Silver-Silica Nanocomposite Analysis
Learn why ultrasonic homogenization is vital for breaking down agglomerates in silver-silica samples to ensure accurate DLS particle size data.
What Are The Advantages Of Pt And Ag/Agcl Electrodes In Alloy Testing? Ensure Precision In Electrochemical Analysis
Learn why Pt counter and Ag/AgCl reference electrodes are essential for stable, accurate, and standardized electrochemical testing of alloy films.
Why Are Airtight Ball Mill Jars Required For Argyrodite Solid-State Electrolytes? Ensuring Safety And Purity
Learn why airtight ball mill jars are essential for synthesizing halide-rich argyrodites to prevent toxic gas release and ensure material purity.
How Does The Selection Of Reference Electrodes Correlate With Electrolyte Ph In Her Testing? Ensure Precise Potential
Learn why Ag/AgCl is vital for acidic and Hg/HgO for alkaline electrolytes in HER testing to prevent potential drift and overpotential errors.
What Are The Advantages Of Bdd Electrodes? Maximize Wastewater Treatment Efficiency And Durability
Learn how Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) electrodes offer high oxidative power and extreme corrosion resistance for treating persistent organic pollutants.
How Does A Three-Electrode System Using A Platinum Wire Reference Electrode Help In Analyzing Battery Overpotential?
Learn how three-electrode systems isolate anode/cathode performance and quantify ohmic resistance for battery optimization.
Why Must Stainless Steel Reactors Be Utilized For Cfrp Alkali Fusion? Ensuring Safety In Harsh Chemical Environments
Learn why stainless steel is mandatory for CFRP alkali fusion decomposition to resist corrosive molten salts and ensure process safety.
Why Is High-Performance Conductive Silver Paste Required For Integrated Pec Cells? Optimize Series Energy Transfer
Learn why high-performance silver paste is essential for low-impedance connections and light transmission in integrated PEC cell architecture.
What Are The Functions Of Platinum Counter And Ag/Agcl Reference Electrodes? Master Eis Precision
Learn how platinum counter electrodes and Ag/AgCl reference electrodes ensure stability and accuracy in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy.
Why Is A High-Pressure Self-Healing Reactor Necessary For Oil Well Cement? Simulate Supercritical Co2 Environments
Learn why high-pressure reactors are vital for oil well cement testing, replicating downhole conditions to achieve supercritical CO2 states.
Why Is A High-Purity Graphite Rod Selected As The Auxiliary Electrode? Achieve Precision In Electrochemical Testing
Learn why high-purity graphite is the top choice for auxiliary electrodes in corrosion tests due to its chemical inertness and high conductivity.
What Is The Purpose Of Using A Heating Device For 180°C Llza Lithium Treatment? Optimize Solid-State Interface
Learn how 180°C heat treatment softens lithium to eliminate voids and reduce impedance at the LLZA electrolyte interface for better battery performance.
Why Is A Laboratory Continuous Flow Reactor Preferred Over A Closed Reactor? Optimize Methane Reforming Precision
Learn why continuous flow reactors outperform closed reactors for photocatalytic methane reforming by preventing product buildup and side reactions.
What Are The Functions Of Helical Platinum Wire And Silver/Silver Chloride Electrodes? Expert Corrosion Testing Guide
Learn how helical platinum wire and Ag/AgCl electrodes function as counter and reference electrodes in electrochemical corrosion testing.
What Role Does A Non-Consumable Tungsten Electrode Play In Arc Furnaces? Master High-Purity Alloy Melting
Learn how non-consumable tungsten electrodes enable clean heat transfer and prevent contamination in high-melting-point alloy production.
What Are The Advantages Of A Gold-Titanium Reaction Cell? Unlock Superior Chemical Inertness And Sampling Precision
Discover how Gold-Titanium Reaction Cells prevent corrosion and enable high-pressure sampling for accurate bio-mining experiments.
What Role Does A Tungsten Electrode Play In Monitoring Mgoh+ In Molten Salts? Expert Cyclic Voltammetry Insights
Learn how tungsten electrodes enable real-time detection of corrosive MgOH+ impurities in molten chloride salts using Cyclic Voltammetry.
What Is The Purpose Of A Hardened Steel Die? Precision Containment For High-Pressure Cold Sintering Of Nasicon
Learn why hardened steel dies are essential for NaSICON cold sintering, enabling 720 MPa pressure and precise liquid phase containment.
What Is The Primary Function Of A High-Pressure Reactor In Stress Corrosion Research? Simulating Extreme Environments
Learn how laboratory high-pressure reactors simulate 288°C and 10.3 MPa conditions to test ferritic steels for stress corrosion cracking.
What Is The Primary Function Of Sacrificial Iron Electrodes? Optimize Electrocoagulation For Water Treatment
Learn how sacrificial iron electrodes generate in-situ coagulants through electrolysis to efficiently remove organic carbon and micropollutants.
Why Is A High-Pressure Reactor With A Titanium Liner Essential For Anhydrous Nano Zinc Borate? Ensure Pure Synthesis
Learn how titanium-lined high-pressure reactors enable the precise synthesis of anhydrous nano zinc borate by resisting corrosion and high heat.
Why Are Boron-Doped Diamond (Bdd) Anodes Considered A High-Performance Choice? Unleash Unmatched Oxidation Power
Learn how BDD anodes use high oxygen evolution potential to generate hydroxyl radicals for total mineralization of organic pollutants.
What Is The Purpose Of Purging A Reactor With High-Purity Nitrogen During Pvc Degradation? Ensure Research Integrity
Learn why nitrogen purging is essential for PVC supercritical water degradation to prevent oxidation and ensure accurate hydrothermal data analysis.
How Is The Anodic Cleaning Process Used To Regenerate Precision Carbon-Based Electrodes? Optimize Your Lab Results
Learn how anodic cleaning regenerates glassy carbon and BDD electrodes through electrochemical oxidation while preserving surface integrity.
What Chemical Compatibility Restrictions Apply To Active Metal Electrodes? Protect Magnesium From Acid Damage
Learn why acid cleaners destroy active metal electrodes like magnesium and how to use inert solvents or alkaline solutions for safe cleaning.
What Are The Primary Considerations For Selecting A Platinum Mesh? Optimize Electrochemical Testing For Zr2.5Nb Alloys
Learn why electrochemical inertness and surface area are critical when choosing platinum mesh electrodes for Zr2.5Nb alloy testing and data purity.
Why Are Boron-Doped Diamond (Bdd) Electrodes Ideal For Microplastic Decomposition? Powering Total Mineralization
Discover why BDD electrodes are the top choice for microplastic decomposition through hydroxyl radical generation and wide potential windows.
Why Is It Necessary To Ensure An Oxygen-Free Environment In A Pyrolysis Reactor? Maximize Bio-Oil & Syngas Yields
Learn why an oxygen-free environment is vital in plastic pyrolysis to prevent combustion and ensure high-value bio-oil and syngas production.
Why Is A Gas Diffusion Electrode (Gde) Essential For Orr In An Eog? Optimize Your Oxygen Generation Today
Learn how Gas Diffusion Electrodes (GDE) overcome solubility limits and enable high current densities in Electrochemical Oxygen Generators (EOG).
Why Are High-Temperature Crucibles Required For Li_Xsccl_{3+X} Electrolytes? Ensure Purity & Ionic Conductivity
Learn why quartz and alumina crucibles are vital for synthesizing halide electrolytes, preventing contamination and preserving stoichiometry.
What Are The Roles Of Ag/Agcl And Platinum Electrodes? Enhance Accuracy In Your Electrochemical Measurement Systems
Learn how Ag/AgCl reference electrodes provide stable baselines and Platinum counter electrodes drive current in electrochemical research.
What Are The Roles Of Pt Counter And Ag/Agcl Reference Electrodes? Master Precision In Electrochemical Testing
Learn why Platinum counter electrodes and Ag/AgCl reference electrodes are critical for accurate electrochemical current and potential measurement.
Why Is A Carbon Rod Preferred As A Counter Electrode? Achieve Accurate Cyclic Polarization For Fecrniconb0.5 Alloys
Learn why carbon rods are essential for FeCrNiCoNb0.5 alloy testing, offering chemical stability, high conductivity, and pure signal isolation.
What Is The Function Of The Sce In Testing Fecrniconb0.5 Alloys? Achieve Precise Electrochemical Measurements
Learn how the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE) acts as a stable reference point for measuring corrosion and passivation in FeCrNiCoNb0.5 alloys.
Why Is A High-Purity Graphite Rod Used For Titanium Corrosion Testing? Ensure Peak Integrity And Data Accuracy
Discover why high-purity graphite rods are the preferred inert auxiliary electrodes for electrochemical corrosion testing of titanium alloys.
Why Is A Large-Area Carbon Rod Selected As The Counter Electrode For 304L Stainless Steel Testing? Ensure Data Accuracy
Learn why large-area carbon rods are essential for 304L stainless steel electrochemical testing to prevent polarization and ensure data fidelity.
What Are The Core Functions Of A High-Precision Electrochemical Workstation? Optimize 304L Passive Film Analysis
Master 304L stainless steel analysis with high-precision electrochemical workstations for Mott-Schottky, EIS, and defect density quantification.
How Do Industrial-Grade Pyrolysis Reactors Optimize Directional Synthesis? Master Biomass Conversion Efficiency
Learn how industrial pyrolysis reactors use temperature and heating rates to control the synthesis of biochar and syngas from biomass.
Roles Of Platinum Counter Vs Ag/Agcl Reference Electrodes In 3-Electrode Systems
Understand how platinum counter electrodes and Ag/AgCl reference electrodes isolate current and voltage for precise electrochemical analysis.
What Is The Primary Function Of A High-Pressure Reactor In Scco2 Foaming? Optimize Pcl Microcellular Synthesis
Learn how high-pressure reactors enable ScCO2 foaming for PCL by maintaining critical thresholds and controlling rapid depressurization.
Why Is A Platinum Wire Electrode Considered An Essential Consumable? Ensure Purity In Electrochemical Characterization
Learn why platinum's chemical inertness and conductivity make it the gold standard for counter electrodes in electrochemical characterization.
What Safety Mechanisms Are Provided By Scwg Sealing Cones? Learn The 'Leak Before Break' Safety Design
Discover how metal-to-metal sealing cones and safety weep holes prevent catastrophic failure in SCWG reactors through controlled pressure release.
What Are The Functions Of An Autoclave And Alumina Liner In Lbe Experiments? Protect Your Research & Data Integrity.
Learn how stainless steel autoclaves and high-purity alumina liners work together to ensure safety and data accuracy in LBE corrosion experiments.
Why Is A Platinum Wire (Ptw) Counter Electrode Preferred For Cathode Lsv Tests? Ensure High-Precision Research
Discover why platinum wire (PtW) is the preferred counter electrode for LSV tests, offering chemical inertness and unmatched data reproducibility.
Why Is An Ag/Agcl Reference Electrode Necessary For Mec? Ensure Precise Baseline Stability In Your Research
Learn why Ag/AgCl reference electrodes are essential for MEC characterization, providing stable baselines and accurate overpotential data.
What Roles Do Hardened Steel Rods Perform Within A Solid-State Battery Testing Apparatus? Ensuring Precision Pressure
Learn how hardened steel rods serve as current collectors and mechanical pressure transmitters in solid-state battery electrochemical testing.
Why Must A High-Pressure Reactor Be Used For The Hydrogenolysis Of Cellulose? Optimize Sorbitol Yield Safely
Learn why high-pressure reactors are essential for cellulose hydrogenolysis, managing three-phase reactions and ensuring hydrogen solubility.
Why Must An Electrolytic Cell Be Equipped With A Stirring Device? Achieve Uniform Nickel-Based Composite Coatings
Learn why stirring is critical in electrolytic cells to prevent particle sedimentation and ensure uniform nickel-based composite coatings (CEC).
What Are The Roles Of Platinum And Ag/Agcl Electrodes In A Three-Electrode System? Master Precision Polarization Tests
Learn why Platinum and Ag/AgCl electrodes are essential in potentiodynamic polarization tests for stable potential and accurate current measurement.
What Is The Role Of A High-Pressure Homogenizer In Pha Extraction? Optimize Your Bio-Material Recovery Process
Learn how high-pressure homogenizers facilitate solvent-free PHA extraction by mechanically rupturing cell walls for efficient biopolymer release.
How Do Reaction Vessels And Heating Systems Influence Fe-Ni-B-P Borided Layers? Optimize Chemical Nickel Plating Success
Learn how precise thermal control in reaction vessels influences phosphorus content and stress relaxation in Fe-Ni-B-P layers for heavy-load wear.
Why Is A Nickel-Based Alloy Typically Selected For The High-Pressure Autoclave? Ensure Safety & Precision In S-Co2 Testing
Learn why Nickel-based alloys are essential for S-CO2 autoclaves, offering high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance at 600°C and 20 MPa.