Faqs - Custom Ptfe Teflon Parts Manufacturer For Ptfe Mesh F4 Sieve

What Are The Common Designs Of Ultra-Low Temperature Freezers? Upright Vs. Chest Models For Your Lab
Compare upright and chest ultra-low temperature freezer designs to choose the best option for your lab's sample access, stability, and energy efficiency needs.
What Are The Common Applications Of Ultra-Low Temperature Freezers? Preserve Your Most Valuable Samples
Discover the key uses of ULT freezers in biomedical research, clinical storage, and industrial testing for preserving biological integrity.
What Temperature Range Do Ultra-Low Temperature Freezers Maintain? The -80°C Standard For Sample Integrity
ULT freezers maintain a stable -40°C to -86°C range, with -80°C being the industry standard for preserving sensitive biological samples.
What Are Some Additional Advantages Of Using Ultra-Low Temperature Freezers In Laboratories? Boost Lab Efficiency And Cut Costs
Discover how modern ULT freezers save energy, reduce noise, and lower operational costs while protecting valuable biological samples.
Why Are Ultra-Low Temperature Freezers Important In Scientific Research? Ensure Sample Integrity And Reproducibility
Discover how ULT freezers preserve DNA, vaccines, and tissues at -40°C to -86°C, ensuring long-term research validity and reproducibility.
Why Is High-Precision Precursor Heating And Temperature-Controlled Piping Necessary In Mocvd? Ensure Film Integrity
Learn why precise thermal management in MOCVD is critical for stable vaporization, preventing condensation, and ensuring film stoichiometry.
What Is The Function Of A Laboratory Oven In Silver-Graphene Medical Textiles? Optimizing Surface Modification
Learn how laboratory ovens facilitate solvent removal, thermal curing, and silver-graphene bonding in medical textile manufacturing.
What Are The Primary Functions Of A Stainless Steel Mold In Csp? Enhancing Caf2 Ceramic Densification
Learn how stainless steel molds enable Cold Sintering of CaF2 by providing mechanical rigidity and precise force direction at 175 MPa.
What Is The Significance Of Using A Rapid Cooling Device For Liquid Alloys? Unlock Hidden Liquid State Microstructures
Learn how rapid cooling devices freeze chemical inhomogeneities in liquid alloys like Pb-Bi for precise vacuum-based surface analysis.
Why Are Specialized Crushing And Separation Systems Essential For The Recovery Of Recycled Antimony From Batteries?
Learn how specialized crushing and separation systems enable secondary antimony recovery, ensuring resource security and environmental safety.
What Is The Function Of A Laboratory Magnetic Stirrer? Enhance Yield & Uniformity In Thermal Extraction
Learn how magnetic stirrers ensure kinetic uniformity, prevent sedimentation, and optimize bioactive compound release in thermal extraction.
What Function Do Baffle Plates Serve Inside A Reaction Vessel? Enhance Photovoltaic Backsheet Recycling Efficiency
Learn how baffle plates create turbulence and friction to accelerate PET decomposition and prevent vortexing in reaction vessels.
Why Is A Controlled Drying Oven Used At A Low Temperature Of 50°C For Mineral Products? Ensure Sample Integrity
Learn why 50°C is the optimal temperature for drying minerals to preserve chemical integrity and prevent unwanted phase transformations.
What Is The Primary Use Of An Agate Mortar For Nasicon Samples? Optimize Cold Sintering Pre-Treatment
Learn how agate mortars facilitate liquid wetting and dopant integration for NaSICON cold sintering through precise manual mixing and grinding.
What Is The Role Of Zirconia Fiber Felt In Si2N2O Synthesis? Ensuring Thermal Efficiency And Electrical Safety
Learn how zirconia fiber felt acts as a dual thermal and electrical insulator in Si2N2O ceramic synthesis to prevent energy loss and shorts.
How Does A Constant Temperature Drying Oven Facilitate The Cbd Process Of A Sno2 Etl? Optimize Your Film Morphology
Learn how precise thermal control in drying ovens regulates SnO2 hydrolysis and condensation for high-performance electron transport layers.
What Is The Necessity Of Using A Vacuum Drying Oven For Nzvi Catalysts? Protect Reactivity And Prevent Oxidation
Learn why vacuum drying is essential for nZVI catalyst regeneration, preventing oxidation and preserving surface chemistry for Fenton cycles.
What Is The Function Of A Forced Air Drying Oven In Ni/Cn Catalyst Recovery? Maximize Reuse Efficiency
Learn how forced air drying ovens restore Ni/CN catalyst activity by clearing pores and removing organic solvents like 2-propanol at 100°C.
How Are Silver Mesh And Gold Wire Used In Bzy20 Eis Testing? Enhance Conductivity Precision In Proton Ceramics
Learn how silver mesh and gold wire serve as critical interfaces in BZY20 EIS testing to achieve accurate proton conductivity measurements.
What Is The Function Of A Laboratory Drying Oven In Zr2.5Nb Alloy Pretreatment? Ensure Precise Corrosion Test Results
Learn how laboratory drying ovens stabilize Zr2.5Nb alloy surfaces by removing moisture to ensure reproducible electrochemical measurements.
What Are The Advantages Of Using A Nickel Crucible? Ensure Safety And Purity In Lithium Smelting
Learn why nickel crucibles are the ideal choice for smelting boron trioxide with lithium, offering unmatched alkali resistance and stability.
What Is The Function Of A Horizontal Tube Furnace In Simulating The Oxidation Behavior Of Hot-Rolled Steel? Expert Guide
Learn how horizontal tube furnaces simulate industrial conditions to analyze oxidation kinetics and oxide scale growth in hot-rolled steel.
What Is The Key Function Of A Packed Bed Reactor (Pbr)? Scaling Biobutanol Via High-Density Biofilm Production
Learn how Packed Bed Reactors (PBR) use cell immobilization to maximize biomass density and accelerate continuous biobutanol production rates.
What Role Does An Anion Exchange Membrane Play In A Pec Battery? Ensure Safe, High-Purity Hydrogen Production
Learn how Anion Exchange Membranes (AEM) in PEC systems balance ionic conduction with gas isolation to ensure safety and high-purity hydrogen.
What Is The Role Of A Laboratory Drying Oven In Catalyst Treatment? Ensure Structural Integrity & High Performance
Learn how laboratory drying ovens preserve metal oxide catalyst structures by preventing pore collapse and violent evaporation during processing.
What Is The Function Of Alumina Sheaths In A Molten Salt Electrolytic Cell Assembly? Essential High-Heat Protection
Learn how alumina sheaths provide electrical insulation and mechanical support in molten salt electrolytic cells to ensure accurate research data.
What Is The Primary Function Of A Horizontal Mocvd Reactor? Achieve Precise Ingan Single-Crystal Growth
Learn how horizontal MOCVD reactors use TMGa, TMIn, and ammonia to create high-quality InGaN/GaN heterostructures with atomic-level precision.
Why Is A Cooling System Necessary During The Mao Process? Ensure Quality For Large-Scale Aluminum Alloys
Learn why active cooling is critical for Micro-arc Oxidation (MAO) to prevent over-burning and ensure dense, high-performance ceramic coatings.
Why Is A Laboratory Oven Essential In The Catalyst Impregnation Workflow? Secure Your Material's Structural Integrity
Learn why laboratory ovens are critical for catalyst drying, preventing structural collapse, and ensuring uniform active component distribution.
Why Is An Autoclave Essential For Pwr Corrosion Tests? Master High-Pressure Reactor Simulations
Learn why autoclaves are vital for PWR primary side corrosion testing, enabling precise control of 300°C temperatures and reactor chemistry.
What Is The Purpose Of Using An Industrial High-Temperature Circulating Oven For Hybrid Fiber Composites?
Learn how high-temperature circulating ovens optimize resin cross-linking and eliminate stresses in high-performance hybrid fiber composites.
How Are Precision Ovens Used For Pdms Curing? Achieve Superior Cross-Linking For High-Performance Substrates
Learn how laboratory ovens drive PDMS cross-linking, ensuring precise temperature control for optimal substrate hardness and DLC coating support.
What Role Does An Ultrasonic Cleaner Play In The Pre-Treatment Of 4140 Steel? Ensure Uniform Nitriding Activation
Learn how ultrasonic cleaning and cavitation ensure 4140 low alloy steel achieves surface activation for high-quality nitriding and diffusion.
What Is The Importance Of A High-Temperature Electric Firing Kiln In The Final Preparation Of Dense Refractory Bricks?
Learn how high-temperature electric kilns enable liquid-phase sintering and mullite growth to produce high-strength dense refractory bricks.
How Does Supercritical Acetone Compare To Water In Cfrp Recycling? Enhance Fiber Recovery With Less Damage
Discover why supercritical acetone outperforms water in CFRP recycling by using lower pressure and chemical affinity to protect carbon fibers.
Why Are Constant Temperature Humidity Chambers And Laboratory Ovens Used During The Curing Stage Of Sioc Films?
Learn why environmental stability and multi-stage heating are critical for curing SiOC films into stable Polysiloxane (PSO) gel structures.
Why Are Dimensionally Stable Anodes (Dsa) Preferred For Indium Electrowinning? Ensure High-Purity Results.
Learn why DSAs and high-purity graphite are essential for indium electrowinning to prevent contamination and optimize energy efficiency.
How Does A Laboratory Constant Temperature Drying Oven Contribute To The Processing Of Synthesized Zinc Oxide Precipitates?
Learn how 120°C constant temperature drying prevents ZnO agglomeration, ensures moisture removal, and preserves particle morphology for calcination.
What Are The Advantages Of Using A Vacuum Drying Oven For Combustible Cartridge Cases? Enhance Safety And Quality
Discover why vacuum drying is essential for combustible cartridge cases: low-temperature solvent removal, explosion prevention, and material integrity.
Why Are Alumina Ceramic Liners Integrated Into Scwg Reactors? Enhance Durability And Purity In Harsh Environments
Learn how alumina ceramic liners protect SCWG reactors from corrosion and erosion, extending equipment life and ensuring high-purity gasification.
Why Must A Forced Air Drying Oven Be Used For Fluorosilicone Rubber Post-Curing? Ensure Peak Material Performance
Learn why forced air ovens are essential for fluorosilicone post-curing to stabilize crosslinking and eliminate volatile chemical by-products.
What Are The Requirements For Reaction Vessels For Alkaline Pha Recovery? Ensure High Purity And Material Integrity
Learn why corrosion resistance and precise pH monitoring are essential in reaction vessels for successful alkaline PHA recovery and polymer purity.
What Is The Role Of A High-Pressure Hydrothermal Synthesis Reactor? Engineering Nanoscale Nhap With Precision
Learn how high-pressure reactors enable the synthesis of highly crystalline, mesoporous nHAp particles through controlled subcritical environments.
What Is The Primary Function Of A High-Temperature Gasification Reactor In Biomass-To-Hydrogen? Maximize Hydrogen Yield
Learn how high-temperature gasification reactors transform biomass into hydrogen-rich syngas through precise thermochemical bond breaking.
What Are The Technical Requirements For Vacuum Chambers In Desalination? Boost Efficiency With Graphene Technology
Learn how vacuum chamber sealing and graphene nanomaterials optimize vacuum evaporation direct freezing desalination and reduce energy costs.
What Is The Purpose Of The 400 °C Annealing For Ceramic Green Bodies? Ensure Structural Integrity & Prevent Cracking
Learn why 400 °C annealing is critical for lithium-containing ceramic green bodies to release mechanical stress and prevent premature fractures.
What Role Do Heating Filaments Play In Hwcvd Systems? Master Low-Temp Nanocrystalline Sic:h Film Deposition
Learn how heating filaments in HWCVD systems enable high-performance nc-SiC:H layers at low temperatures for solar cell applications.
How Does Pecvd Equipment Facilitate Sic Deposition On Sensitive Substrates? Unlock Low-Temp Thin Film Solutions
Learn how PECVD replaces heat with plasma to deposit Silicon Carbide (SiC) thin films on polymers and delicate materials at lower temperatures.
What Role Does A Laboratory Vacuum Drying Oven Play In Processing Nanoparticle Powder Samples? Protect Sample Integrity
Learn how laboratory vacuum drying ovens prevent oxidation and aggregation in nanoparticle powders while ensuring solvent-free analytical results.
Why Use A Planetary Ball Mill For Llzo/Lagp Fillers? Optimize Peo Composite Electrolytes
Learn why planetary ball milling is essential for refining inorganic fillers to enhance ion conductivity in PEO composite electrolytes.
What Is The Purpose Of Adding Yttria To Zirconia? Master High-Performance Ceramic Stability And Strength
Learn how yttria stabilizes zirconia to prevent cracks and achieve high fracture toughness for dental crowns and precision structural components.
Why Is Platinum Foil Used To Wrap Samples During The Hot Isostatic Pressing (Hip) Of Zns Crystals? Enhance Optical Purity
Learn why platinum foil is essential for HIP treatment of ZnS crystals, providing a chemical barrier and ensuring effective pressure transmission.
How Do High-Pressure Autoclaves And Nanocatalysts Function In Hydrometallurgy? Powering Green Chemical Engineering
Learn how high-pressure autoclaves and noble metal nanocatalysts synergize to oxidize pollutants and valorize biomass in environmental applications.
Why Are Silicone Sealing Gaskets Essential In Edc Experiments? Ensure Precision And Leak-Free Electrolyte Confinement
Discover why silicone gaskets are vital for Electrochemical Droplet Cell (EDC) accuracy, ensuring precise contact area and leak-free measurements.
Why Is A Graphite Crucible With A Plug Used For Mg3Sb2 Alloys? Ensure Stoichiometric Precision In P-Type Synthesis
Learn how a plugged graphite crucible prevents magnesium evaporation and maintains precise stoichiometry during Mg3Sb2 alloy melting.
Why Is A Laboratory Vacuum Drying Oven Necessary For Single-Crystal Cathode Powders? Ensure Peak Material Stability
Discover why vacuum drying is essential for cathode powders: preventing proton exchange, inhibiting impurities, and ensuring electrochemical safety.
Why Is A High-Pressure Hydrothermal Synthesis Autoclave Necessary For Mno2 Nanowires? Precision Catalyst Growth
Learn how high-pressure autoclaves enable the synthesis of MnO2 nanowires by controlling kinetics and morphology for superior catalytic performance.
Why Are Zirconia Grinding Balls Preferred For Milling Battery Cathode Or Electrolyte Powders? Achieve High Purity
Discover why zirconia grinding media is the industry standard for LLZO and battery materials, ensuring chemical purity and efficient refinement.
What Is The Specific Function Of A Blast Drying Oven In The Processing Of Sic/Zta? Ensure Defect-Free Ceramics
Learn how blast drying ovens remove solvents from SiC/ZTA ceramic slurries to prevent sintering defects like porosity and cracking.
Why Is A High-Precision Constant Temperature Stirring Reaction Device Necessary For Functionalized Bnns Grafting?
Learn why precise thermal control and constant stirring are critical for successful free radical polymerization and uniform BNNS grafting.
What Role Does An Industrial Oven Play In The Pre-Treatment Of Waste Pcbs? Automate Thermal Disassembly With Precision
Learn how industrial ovens at 270-280°C automate PCB component separation by melting lead-free solder, boosting recycling efficiency and recovery.
What Are The Main Applications Of A Laboratory Vacuum Drying Oven In Battery R&D? Optimize High-Energy Density Battery Performance
Discover how laboratory vacuum drying ovens eliminate moisture and solvents to ensure the safety and longevity of lithium-ion and thermal batteries.
How Is A Laboratory Oven Utilized In Catalyst Preparation? Optimize Drying For Superior Nanostructure Preservation
Learn how laboratory ovens preserve catalyst nanoparticle dispersion and pore structure through precision drying and thermal control.
Why Are High-Purity Alumina Crucibles Selected For Syngas Production? Ensure Durability And Purity In Co-Electrolysis
Learn why high-purity alumina crucibles are essential for syngas production, offering corrosion resistance and density for molten salt electrolysis.
What Is The Primary Function Of A Constant Temperature Drying Oven After The Chemical Modification Of Bentonite?
Learn why constant temperature drying is crucial for modified bentonite to prevent chemical side reactions and gas bubbles in polymer systems.
Why Is A Cold Trap System Containing Isopropanol Required For Pyrolysis Gas? Capture Elusive Volatiles Effectively
Learn how isopropanol cold traps capture light tars and aerosols in pyrolysis gas to protect equipment and ensure mass balance accuracy.
What Are The Critical Functions Of High-Purity Nitrogen During The Biomass Pyrolysis Process? Enhance Product Integrity
Learn how high-purity nitrogen acts as a shield and carrier in biomass pyrolysis to prevent combustion and ensure high-quality bio-oil yields.
What Are The Roles Of Ceramic Carriers In Nickel-Based Catalysts? Enhancing Reforming Reactor Stability
Learn how alumina and spinel ceramic carriers improve nickel-based catalyst performance through metal dispersion and thermal stability.
What Is The Function Of A Bn Inner Liner In A Graphite Mold During Flash Sintering? Master Precise Current Control
Learn how Boron Nitride (BN) liners act as electrical insulators to prevent current shunting and trigger flash events in sintering experiments.
What Is The Purpose Of Dcpd In Autoclave Clt Tests? Real-Time Crack Monitoring & Data Precision
Learn how the Direct Current Potential Drop (DCPD) technique provides real-time, in-situ crack detection in high-pressure autoclave environments.
Why Is The Integrity Of High-Strength Stainless Steel Fittings Vital? Ensure Safety In Hydrothermal Oxidation
Learn why precision-machined stainless steel fittings and end caps are critical for safety and mass balance in high-pressure catalytic oxidation.
Why Is A Drying Oven Used For Low-Temperature Treatment Of Ti/Al2O3? Ensure Powder Purity And Flowability
Learn why low-temperature drying (50°C) is essential for Ti/Al2O3 powders to prevent hard agglomeration and oxidation during solvent removal.
What Are The Advantages Of Using High-Purity Silicon Carbide (Sic) Grinding Media? Ensure Purity & Refinement
Discover how SiC grinding media prevents contamination and ensures uniform slurry refinement for high-quality Cf/SiC composite coatings.
How Does A High-Voltage Dc Power Supply System Ensure The Quality Of Plasma Nitriding? Achieve Precision Surface Hardness
Learn how high-voltage DC power stability ensures consistent plasma discharge, uniform heating, and the formation of high-hardness Fe3N phases.
Why Is A Ceramic Crucible With A Lid Used For G-C3N4? Maximize Yield & Purity In Graphitic Carbon Nitride Synthesis
Learn why a lidded ceramic crucible is essential for g-C3N4 pyrolysis: preventing combustion, trapping volatiles, and ensuring high-purity results.
How Does A Planetary Ball Mill Ensure The Uniformity Of Aluminum-Coated Graphite? Master High-Energy Composite Mixing
Learn how the dual-motion and centrifugal forces of a planetary ball mill achieve macro and micro-scale uniformity in aluminum-graphite composites.
What Is The Function Of A Laboratory Oven In Zirconia Thin Film Deposition? Master Layer Stabilization And Density
Learn how laboratory ovens stabilize Zirconia thin films, prevent layer wash-off, and promote densification during intermediate drying stages.
What Is The Role Of A Magnetic Stirrer In Npau Catalyst Preparation? Ensure Uniform Coating And Deep Diffusion
Learn how magnetic stirrers regulate diffusion and kinetics to create uniform mixed oxide layers on nanoporous gold (npAu) catalyst scaffolds.
Why Are Alumina Crucibles Selected For Ltpo Synthesis? Ensure Chemical Purity In High-Temperature Calcination
Learn why alumina crucibles are the ideal choice for LiTa2PO8 (LTPO) synthesis, offering chemical inertness and stability up to 950°C.
Why Is It Necessary To Use Grinding Equipment To Mix Cathode And Electrolytes? Optimize Your Solid-State Battery Performance
Learn why mechanical grinding is vital for LiCoO2/Li3ScCl6 batteries to ensure solid-solid contact, eliminate voids, and boost ion transport.
Why Is A High-Purity Argon Glovebox Required For Lif-Thf4? Prevent Oxidation And Ensure Material Integrity
Learn why LiF-ThF4 salts require argon gloveboxes to prevent moisture absorption, oxyfluoride formation, and irreversible material degradation.
What Is The Function Of A Laboratory Forced-Air Drying Oven? Optimize Prosopis Juliflora Moisture Analysis
Learn how forced-air drying ovens at 105°C ensure accurate moisture determination and dry basis mass for Prosopis juliflora pods.
What Is The Necessity Of A Low-Temperature Drying Step In Cu-Tio2 Thin Film Preparation? Ensure Structural Integrity
Learn why a laboratory oven drying step is critical for Cu-TiO2 films to prevent defects like cracking and bubbling before calcination.
What Role Does A Forced Air Drying Oven Play In Mwcnts/Tio2 Drying? Ensure Nanocomposite Structural Integrity
Learn how forced air drying ovens stabilize MWCNTs/TiO2 nanocomposites by removing solvents and fixing morphology for high-temperature annealing.
How Do Ptc Convection Heaters Function? Passive Airflow Secrets For Efficient Cabinet Heating
Discover how PTC convection heaters use natural convection and aluminum fins to stabilize temperatures and prevent condensation in enclosures.
What Role Does An Alumina-Supported Substrate Play In Ccd? Unlock The 'Gate' Effect For Mfi Zeolite Membranes
Discover how alumina substrates enable the 'gate' effect and provide structural strength for modified MFI-type zeolite membranes in the CCD process.
What Role Does A Drying Oven Play In The Preparation Of Ncm523 Composite Cathodes? Optimize Your Battery Performance
Learn how the drying oven ensures structural integrity and chemical stability in NCM523 cathodes by removing NMP solvents and preventing degradation.
Why Is Stepped Drying In A Blast Drying Oven Necessary For Aluminum-Based Crucible Green Bodies? Ensure Structural Integrity
Learn why stepped drying is essential to prevent cracking and warping in aluminum-based crucibles by managing moisture removal and internal stress.
What Role Does Indium Foil Play In Eis Testing Of Solid Electrolytes? Enhance Interface Contact & Data Precision
Learn how indium foil acts as a ductile blocking electrode to eliminate contact resistance and ensure precise EIS data for solid electrolytes.
What Function Does A Constant Temperature Blast Drying Oven Serve In The Magnesite Flotation Test? Ensure Sample Integrity
Discover how constant temperature blast drying ovens enable accurate weighing and chemical analysis in magnesite flotation workflows.
How Do High-Temperature And High-Pressure Autoclaves Assist In Simulating Nuclear Environments? Master Reactor Safety
Learn how high-pressure autoclaves replicate reactor conditions to test 316L stainless steel for IGSCC and grain boundary degradation.
What Is The Function Of A Laboratory Electric Drying Oven In Chitosan Immobilization? Ensure Stable & Uniform Coatings
Learn how laboratory electric drying ovens optimize chitosan immobilization through controlled solvent evaporation for superior substrate adhesion.
What Is The Role Of An Ultrasonic Cleaner During Magnesium Alloy Coating? Ensure Superior Adhesion And Surface Purity
Learn how ultrasonic cleaning uses cavitation and solvents like acetone to remove microscopic debris, ensuring high bonding strength for ALD and PVD.
Why Is A High-Frequency Ultrasonic Cleaner Necessary For Steel Substrate Preparation? Achieve 100% Coating Adhesion
Learn how high-frequency ultrasonic cleaning uses cavitation to remove microscopic impurities from steel, ensuring superior coating adhesion.
What Is The Role Of Electrolytic Cells And Electrodeposition Equipment In Isnial Coatings? Boost Chemical Stability.
Learn how electrolytic cells and electrodeposition create superior isNiAl hybrid coatings to resist HCl oxidation and extend component service life.
Why Use Var For Cocrfemoni Hea Preparation? Master High-Refractory Melting And Chemical Homogeneity
Learn why Vacuum Arc Melting (VAR) is essential for CoCrFeMoNi alloys, handling high-melting-point Molybdenum while ensuring purity and density.
How Does A 13.56 Mhz Radio Frequency (Rf) Power Supply Facilitate The Densification Of Organosilicon Films?
Learn how 13.56 MHz RF power supplies drive organosilicon film densification through plasma ionization and molecular cross-linking.
Why Are Metal-Organic Precursors Preferred For Dli-Mocvd? Key To Low-Temperature Metallurgical Coatings
Learn why metal-organic precursors are essential for DLI-MOCVD, enabling low-temperature reactivity and precise coating for sensitive components.
Why Is A High-Temperature Laboratory Oven Used For Ti-6Al-4V Heat Treatment? Enhance Durability & Biocompatibility
Learn why annealing in a high-temperature oven is essential after nanostructuring Ti-6Al-4V to relieve stress and improve corrosion resistance.
What Role Does An Ultrasonic Cleaner Play In The Pretreatment Of Titanium Alloy Samples For Biological Testing?
Learn how ultrasonic cleaners ensure surface purity and data validity in titanium alloy biological testing through cavitation and deep cleaning.