Learn the standard notation (Ag(s) | AgCl(s) | Cl⁻(aq)) for the Ag/AgCl reference electrode, its components, and its critical role in electrochemistry.
Learn the step-by-step guide for proper PEM disassembly, cleaning, and storage to prevent damage and extend membrane life for fuel cells and electrolyzers.
Learn the essential steps for operating titanium electrodes, from cleaning and activation to monitoring parameters, to prevent coating damage and ensure reliable data.
Learn the essential steps for maintaining a copper sulfate reference electrode, including solution replacement, rod cleaning, and plug care for reliable readings.
Learn the 4 essential pre-treatment steps for a portable copper sulfate electrode: inspection, saturation, stabilization, and verification for reliable data.
Learn the key features of Hg/HgO electrodes: stable potential in alkaline media, KOH electrolyte, and essential safety handling for accurate electrochemistry.
Explore the unique properties of glassy carbon electrodes: wide potential window, high conductivity, chemical inertness & modifiable surfaces for advanced electrochemistry.
Discover how carbon fiber brushes function as high-performance anodes for microbial fuel cells, enabling efficient electron harvesting and biofilm growth.
Learn essential precautions for titanium electrodes to prevent coating damage from dry burning, reverse polarity, and improper handling. Ensure long-lasting performance.
Learn how to choose the right ion-exchange membrane by evaluating material, IEC, thickness, and pore structure to optimize selectivity and conductivity.
Learn the critical steps for glassy carbon sheet installation, handling, and surface preparation to prevent fracture and ensure reliable electrochemical data.
Explore the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE) for neutral solutions: its stable potential, temperature sensitivity, and comparison to modern alternatives.
Discover how carbon paper's non-woven, porous construction of bonded fibers delivers high electrical conductivity and gas permeability for fuel cells and electrodes.
Learn the two-step process for electrode preparation: physical cleaning and electrochemical activation. Ensure reproducibility and accuracy in your electrochemical experiments.
Discover common electrode examples like zinc and graphite, their roles in batteries and electrolysis, and how to choose the right material for your application.
Discover the key differences between inert and active electrode materials, including metals like platinum and carbon forms, to optimize your electrochemical process.
Learn the standard GCE activation protocol using cyclic voltammetry in sulfuric acid to ensure reliable electron transfer and reproducible experimental results.
Learn the definitive protocol for long-term glassy carbon electrode storage. Prevent contamination and damage with proper cleaning, drying, and desiccator storage.
Learn the essential 3-step pre-treatment protocol for glassy carbon electrodes: polishing, sonication, and activation for accurate, reproducible results.
Learn the pH-dependent working potential range for glassy carbon electrodes in aqueous solutions, from acidic to alkaline conditions, for reliable electrochemistry.
Explore the materials for metal disk electrodes: gold, platinum, silver, copper, lead, and nickel. Learn how to select, prepare, and maintain them for reliable results.
Learn why the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is the universal reference for measuring half-cell potentials and discover practical alternatives for lab work.