Explore DC, RF (CCP/ICP), and Microwave plasma sources. Learn how energy coupling dictates plasma density, ion energy, and applications like etching and sputtering.
Graphene is a 2D allotrope of carbon. Learn how its unique honeycomb lattice structure creates extraordinary properties compared to other carbon forms.
Learn how to choose the best solid-liquid separation method (filtration, decantation, evaporation, centrifugation) based on your mixture's properties for optimal results.
Discover the key advantages of centrifuges: unmatched speed, high-resolution separation, and sample integrity for clinical, research, and industrial labs.
Learn how centrifuges use centrifugal force to separate particles by density, size, and shape. Discover key techniques like differential and isopycnic centrifugation.
Learn the essential materials for FTIR analysis, from IR-transparent salt plates to ATR crystals, for accurate sample preparation and reliable results.
XRF analysis time varies from seconds to over an hour. Learn how sample prep (pressed pellets, fused beads) and measurement goals impact your total turnaround time.
Understand why injection molds are expensive: high-grade tool steel, precision machining, skilled labor, and complex features drive costs for mass production.
Learn how temperature, time, pressure, particle characteristics, and material composition control the sintering process to achieve your desired material properties.
Learn how to sputter silicon using DC or RF methods for semiconductor, solar cell, and optical coating applications. Understand the key differences and applications.
Explore the main drawbacks of DC sputtering, including its inability to process insulating materials, lower deposition rates, and potential for substrate heating.
Learn why Argon is the standard sputtering gas and when to use Neon, Krypton, or reactive gases like Oxygen and Nitrogen for optimal thin film deposition.
Discover the key applications of sintered steel, from automotive parts and self-lubricating bearings to specialized filters and electric motor components.
Learn about thermal evaporation sources like resistive and e-beam types, their functions, and how to select the best one for your thin-film deposition needs.