Learn the standard method for preparing soil for XRF analysis: grinding, mixing with binder, and pressing into a pellet for reliable results.
Learn the essential steps of sample preparation, from sampling to cleanup, to ensure accurate analytical results and avoid common errors in the lab.
Explore key sample prep methods like SPE, LLE, and SPME. Learn how to choose the right technique for your lab's analytical needs and ensure accurate results.
XRF error is not fixed; it depends on your method. Learn how to control precision and accuracy from 0.1% to 10% error for your specific application.
Learn the key XRF sample preparation methods—pressed pellets, fused beads, and solid polishing—to ensure accurate, homogeneous analysis.
Learn to interpret XRF results: understand qualitative vs. quantitative analysis, matrix effects, and key limitations for accurate material characterization.
Discover how XRF testing provides fast, non-destructive elemental analysis for quality control, compliance, and material verification across industries.
Discover the critical role of XRF analysis for non-destructive, rapid elemental testing in quality control and research across industries.
Learn why sample preparation is critical for isolating analytes, removing interferences, and ensuring accurate scientific instrument analysis.
Learn why proper sample preparation is critical for reliable scientific analysis, ensuring accuracy, reproducibility, and meaningful data.
Learn the key difference between EDS and XRF: EDS uses an electron beam for microanalysis, while XRF uses X-rays for bulk chemical analysis.
Micro-XRF has no required sample mass. Learn how spot size, surface quality, and sample preparation define analysis success for accurate elemental mapping.
Learn how particle size affects XRF accuracy. Discover why grinding to <50µm is crucial for reliable analysis of light elements and bulk composition.
Learn how to balance sample size and measurement accuracy to reduce sampling and instrument error for reliable, high-confidence results.
Learn how sample size impacts statistical power and precision. Avoid false conclusions and make confident, data-driven decisions with proper sampling.
Learn how margin of error, confidence level, and population variance determine your sample size. Make strategic trade-offs for reliable results.
Learn how margin of error, confidence level, and population variability determine your sample size for statistically sound and cost-effective studies.
Explore the analytical range of XRF measurement, from ppm to 100%, and learn how element type, sample matrix, and instrument choice affect detection limits.
Learn how sample form, crystallinity, and instrument type determine XRD sample needs, from micrograms to milligrams for accurate results.
Learn the ideal sample amount for powder XRD, from 100-500 mg for standard holders to microgram techniques, ensuring accurate results.
Learn the key differences between XRF and EDS: bulk vs. micro analysis, scale, and applications. Choose the right tool for your lab's needs.
XRF offers rapid, multi-element analysis of solids, while AAS provides high-sensitivity, single-element measurement in liquids. Learn which is best for your lab.
EDX vs XRF: Understand the key differences in scale, sensitivity, and application. Learn which technique is best for bulk analysis or microanalysis.
Explore alternatives to XRF like ICP, OES, and LIBS. Compare sensitivity, sample prep, and cost to find the best elemental analysis method for your needs.
Learn how XRF analysis identifies elements & measures concentrations in materials. Ideal for quality control, material ID, and research.
Learn how qualitative XRF analysis identifies elements in a sample using unique X-ray fingerprints. Essential for material science and quality control.
Learn how XRF technology effectively detects rare earth elements for mining, geology, and recycling, including key challenges and best practices.
Learn how XRF detects trace elements, its ppm-level limits, and when to choose it over ICP-MS for material analysis. Understand the key factors affecting detection.
Discover the key benefits of handheld XRF analyzers: portability for on-site use, rapid non-destructive testing, and immediate material identification.
Learn how X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) works: a fast, non-destructive technique for identifying elemental composition in materials.
Understand the key differences between XRF (elemental analysis) and XRD (crystalline structure analysis) to select the right technique for your material characterization needs.
Learn why XRF cannot detect light elements like carbon and oxygen, distinguish chemical compounds, or analyze beyond the surface of a sample.
Learn which elements XRF can detect (Na to U) and why it cannot analyze light elements like carbon or oxygen. Find the right tool for your lab.
Learn the key differences between XRF (elemental composition) and XRD (crystalline structure) to choose the right analytical technique for your materials.
Discover the industries and applications for XRF analysis, from metal manufacturing and mining to art conservation and environmental safety.
Explore how XRF forensics non-destructively analyzes gunshot residue, glass, paint, and soil to link suspects to crime scenes with rapid, on-site elemental analysis.
Learn how XRF uses X-ray excitation to identify elements via unique fluorescent fingerprints, enabling non-destructive material composition analysis.
Learn how XRF analyzer accuracy works, from ppm to 100% detection, and key factors influencing results for materials testing and analysis.
Learn how XRF thickness measurement works using X-ray fluorescence to analyze coating thickness without contact. Ideal for quality control of metallic platings.
Learn how sample prep, calibration & matrix effects determine XRF accuracy. Achieve results within 1-5% of true values for your lab needs.
Learn the 3 key sources of XRF error: sample effects, instrument drift, and calibration. Optimize your analysis for accuracy and reliability.
Explore the diverse applications of FTIR spectroscopy for material identification, quality control, and analysis in pharmaceuticals, forensics, and more.
Explore the key uses of FTIR spectroscopy in quality control, polymer analysis, pharmaceuticals, and forensics for reliable material identification.
Learn the correct protocol for cleaning mortar and pestle with acetone to remove contaminants for precise KBr pellet preparation in IR spectroscopy.
Learn about FTIR spectroscopy limitations, including poor trace sensitivity, water interference, and inability to analyze IR-inactive molecules.
Learn the step-by-step protocol for cleaning KBr die sets to prevent contamination and moisture for clear, reliable FTIR spectra.
Learn the 3-stage FTIR analysis process: background scan, sample prep, and data acquisition. Master ATR, KBr pellets, and salt plates for accurate molecular identification.
Learn how to prepare solid, liquid, and gas samples for FTIR analysis. Compare KBr pellets, ATR, thin films, and gas cells for optimal results.
Explore alternatives to FTIR like Raman, NMR, MS, and XRD. Learn how to choose the best technique for your specific analytical needs.
Learn the key FTIR sample prep methods: KBr pellets, ATR, and reflectance. Match your sample type for accurate, efficient analysis.
Learn key FTIR precautions: protect optics from moisture, prepare samples correctly, and perform background scans for accurate, repeatable spectra.
Learn the essential materials for FTIR analysis, from IR-transparent salt plates to ATR crystals, for accurate sample preparation and reliable results.
Learn the best methods for FTIR sample preparation for solids, liquids, and gases. Compare KBr pellets, ATR, and transmission cells to get high-quality results.
Discover how KBr pellets enable transparent sample preparation for FTIR, ensuring accurate chemical fingerprinting of solid materials without interference.
FTIR reads molecular vibrations by measuring infrared light absorption, providing a unique chemical fingerprint for material identification and analysis.
Discover why FTIR replaced traditional IR with superior speed, sensitivity, and accuracy. Learn the key differences in instrumentation and performance.
FTIR measures infrared light absorption to identify functional groups and molecular structure, providing a chemical fingerprint for material analysis.
Learn how FTIR spectroscopy works to identify unknown materials and confirm chemical composition through unique infrared absorption patterns.
Learn how to prepare solids, liquids, and gases for IR spectroscopy analysis using KBr pellets, ATR, mulls, and gas cells for accurate results.
Explore FTIR microspectroscopy for IR imaging of biological samples. Learn how to overcome water interference and map proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Explore IR spectroscopy sampling techniques: KBr pellets, mulls, liquid cells, and modern ATR for solids, liquids, and aqueous solutions.
Discover how IR spectroscopy is used in pharmaceuticals, forensics, food safety, and materials science for rapid, non-destructive chemical analysis.
Learn the core IR spectroscopy techniques for solids, liquids, and gases. Choose the right sample prep method for accurate identification and analysis.
Learn why Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometers are the industry standard for fast, accurate chemical analysis in labs worldwide.
Learn the 4 essential components of an IR spectrometer: source, interferometer, sample, and detector. Understand how FTIR works for accurate chemical analysis.
Learn the key IR sample prep methods for solids (KBr pellets), liquids (thin films), and gases. Avoid common pitfalls for clear, accurate spectra.
Discover how IR spectroscopy analyzes solids, liquids, and gases. Learn key sample preparation techniques for accurate results in your lab.
Learn why KBr is the ideal IR-transparent matrix for solid sample analysis, ensuring accurate spectra without interference from the holder material.
Learn the two key IR sample prep methods for solids: KBr pellets for high-quality spectra and Nujol mulls for quick, moisture-sensitive analysis.
Explore the main IR spectroscopy techniques: Transmission, ATR, Specular & Diffuse Reflectance. Learn how to choose the best method for your sample type.
Explore the key limitations of IR spectroscopy, including dipole moment rules, water interference, and qualitative constraints for effective molecular analysis.
Learn the correct methods for preparing solid, liquid, and gas samples for IR spectroscopy using KBr pellets, salt plates, and gas cells for accurate results.
Discover why Potassium Bromide (KBr) is the standard material for preparing transparent sample pellets for accurate IR spectroscopy analysis.
Learn how KBr pellets provide infrared transparency for accurate spectroscopy, plus key preparation tips and modern alternatives for your lab.
Discover the key advantages of IR spectrophotometry: fast functional group identification, non-destructive analysis, and versatile sample handling for labs.
Learn how the KBr pellet technique in IR spectroscopy transforms opaque solids into transparent discs for precise transmission measurements and high-quality spectra.
Learn about Potassium Bromide (KBr), its properties, critical role in infrared spectroscopy, and historical uses in medicine and photography.
Potassium bromide is a CNS depressant with a high risk of chronic toxicity (bromism). Learn why it's no longer used in human medicine.
KBR technology refers to licensed industrial processes for ammonia, refining, and olefins production. Learn how KBR's proprietary designs power global industries.
Explore the dual roles of potassium bromide (KBr) as a key material for IR spectroscopy and a veterinary anticonvulsant, and why its use in humans is obsolete.
Learn how concentration impacts IR peak intensity and shape, and understand the limitations of the Beer-Lambert Law for accurate spectroscopy.
Discover the minimal risks of IR spectroscopy and learn how to mitigate the real hazards from sample preparation, chemicals, and ancillary equipment.
Learn the best solvents for IR spectroscopy like CCl₄ and CS₂, their IR windows, and how to avoid interference for accurate analysis.
KBr vs. ATR in FTIR: Learn the key differences in sample prep, analysis type, and applications to choose the best method for your lab's needs.
Learn why KBr is IR transparent due to its symmetrical crystal lattice, making it ideal for sample preparation in mid-IR spectroscopy without interference.
Learn how the KBr pellet method prepares solid samples for IR spectroscopy, enabling high-resolution transmission analysis of molecular fingerprints.
Discover why KBr is the standard for IR spectroscopy. Learn about its IR transparency, pellet-forming properties, and key handling requirements for accurate results.
Step-by-step guide to preparing transparent KBr pellets for FTIR analysis. Learn proper grinding, pressing, and moisture control for clear, reliable spectra.
Learn how the Nujol method simplifies IR analysis of solids by reducing light scattering. Understand its advantages, limitations, and ideal applications.
KBr is transparent to IR light and forms clear pellets under pressure, making it the standard matrix for solid sample analysis in IR spectroscopy.
KBr pellets create transparent IR windows for solids, enabling precise FTIR analysis by dispersing samples in a non-absorbing matrix without interference.
Learn how the KBr pellet method works for IR spectroscopy, including preparation steps, key principles, and common pitfalls to avoid.
Discover why KBr is the ideal IR spectroscopy matrix due to its IR transparency, enabling accurate analysis of solid samples without spectral interference.
Learn the top causes of IR spectroscopy errors: poor sample prep, atmospheric interference, and background issues. Improve your technique for reliable results.
Discover how Potassium Bromide (KBr) enables clear IR analysis by providing a transparent matrix for solid samples in spectroscopy.
Learn the standard KBr to drug ratio (100:1 to 300:1) for FTIR analysis. Avoid detector saturation and ensure accurate, high-quality infrared spectra.
Learn the exact sample amounts for IR spectroscopy: 1-2 mg for KBr pellets, a single drop for thin films, and minimal amounts for ATR.
Learn the KBr pellet method for IR spectroscopy: a step-by-step guide to preparing solid samples for clear, library-matchable transmission spectra.
Learn how KBr pellets provide an inert, transparent matrix for IR spectroscopy, enabling clear analysis of solid samples without interference.
Discover why Potassium Bromide (KBr) is the ideal matrix for IR spectroscopy - transparent, malleable, and chemically inert for accurate sample analysis.