This contains a variety of cross-industry general technical guidelines and basic knowledge.
Learn the key differences between filtration (size-based) and centrifugation (density-based) to choose the right separation method for your lab needs.
Learn how a membrane filter press uses a mechanical squeeze cycle to dewater sludge more efficiently than standard presses, reducing disposal costs and cycle times.
Learn to boost filter press performance by optimizing slurry characteristics, chemical conditioning, operational cycles, and equipment maintenance for better results.
Discover how a filter press works for dewatering sludge, clarifying liquids, and more. Learn its applications in wastewater, mining, and food processing.
Compare recessed chamber and membrane filter press configurations. Learn how each works, their pros and cons, and how to choose the right one for your dewatering needs.
Compare recessed chamber vs. membrane filter presses. Learn which technology delivers the cake dryness and efficiency your lab or process requires.
Learn how to select the right filter press by analyzing slurry characteristics, pilot testing, and balancing technology options like membrane vs. recessed plates.
Explore the key drawbacks of centrifugal separators, including high capital and maintenance costs, incomplete separation of fine particles, and damage to shear-sensitive products.
Explore the key drawbacks of centrifugal filtration, including high capital costs, maintenance demands, shear damage, and inefficiency with fine particles.
Explore the pros and cons of centrifuges: high-speed separation vs. equipment costs, sample damage risks, and strict safety requirements for labs.
Filter press efficiency is a balance of cake dryness, filtrate clarity, and cycle time. Learn how to optimize for your specific goal.
Discover the key benefits of belt filter presses for sludge dewatering, including continuous operation, low energy consumption, and high reliability.
Discover the key drawbacks of plate and frame filter presses, including operational inefficiency, high labor costs, and significant downtime between cycles.
Discover the most efficient gravity separation methods for industrial solids, including coagulation, flocculation, and clarifier/thickener selection for optimal results.
Discover how to choose the most efficient separation technique based on your mixture's properties, desired purity, and scale. Compare distillation, filtration, chromatography, and more.
Learn how to choose the best solid-liquid separation method (filtration, decantation, evaporation, centrifugation) based on your mixture's properties for optimal results.
Learn the key differences between centrifugation and filtration: centrifugal force separates by density, while filtration uses pressure to separate by particle size.
Explore the pros and cons of filter presses, including high cake dryness, filtrate clarity, and batch process limitations for industrial applications.
Discover the key advantages of centrifuges: unmatched speed, high-resolution separation, and sample integrity for clinical, research, and industrial labs.
Discover when centrifugation excels over filtration for fine particles, high-solids samples, and delicate materials. Make the right separation choice.
Discover the key benefits of centrifuge filters: rapid concentration, high sample recovery, and efficient buffer exchange for proteins and nucleic acids.
Centrifugation vs. filtration: Learn the key differences based on density vs. size separation to choose the best method for your lab samples and goals.
Discover the key benefits of filter presses: produce exceptionally dry solid cake, clear filtrate, and versatile operation for lab & industrial use.
Explore how industrial centrifuges separate materials in food processing, pharmaceuticals, and waste management for purification and efficiency.
Discover how centrifuges work in everyday life, from separating cream from milk to the spin cycle in your washing machine. Learn the science behind this essential tool.
Explore low-speed, high-speed, and ultracentrifuges. Learn how RCF, rotor type, and application determine the best centrifuge for your lab.
Discover how filter presses dewater oily sludge, recover valuable oil, and cut disposal costs in the oil & gas industry for enhanced profitability.
Learn how a centrifuge separates solutions by density and size using centrifugal force, creating distinct pellets and supernatants for analysis.
Learn how centrifuges use centrifugal force to separate particles by density, size, and shape. Discover key techniques like differential and isopycnic centrifugation.
Learn how centrifuges use centrifugal force to separate mixtures by density. Essential for clinical, biological, and industrial applications.
Learn how a centrifuge uses high-speed rotation and centrifugal force to separate mixtures, from blood samples to industrial materials, efficiently and effectively.
Learn why sample preparation is critical for isolating analytes, removing interferences, and ensuring accurate scientific instrument analysis.
Learn why proper sample preparation is critical for reliable scientific analysis, ensuring accuracy, reproducibility, and meaningful data.
Learn how to balance sample size and measurement accuracy to reduce sampling and instrument error for reliable, high-confidence results.
Learn how sample size impacts statistical power and precision. Avoid false conclusions and make confident, data-driven decisions with proper sampling.
Learn how margin of error, confidence level, and population variance determine your sample size. Make strategic trade-offs for reliable results.
Learn how margin of error, confidence level, and population variability determine your sample size for statistically sound and cost-effective studies.
Discover the key benefits of handheld XRF analyzers: portability for on-site use, rapid non-destructive testing, and immediate material identification.
Learn how X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) works: a fast, non-destructive technique for identifying elemental composition in materials.
Understand the key differences between XRF (elemental analysis) and XRD (crystalline structure analysis) to select the right technique for your material characterization needs.
Learn why XRF cannot detect light elements like carbon and oxygen, distinguish chemical compounds, or analyze beyond the surface of a sample.
Learn which elements XRF can detect (Na to U) and why it cannot analyze light elements like carbon or oxygen. Find the right tool for your lab.
Learn the key differences between XRF (elemental composition) and XRD (crystalline structure) to choose the right analytical technique for your materials.
Discover the industries and applications for XRF analysis, from metal manufacturing and mining to art conservation and environmental safety.
Explore how XRF forensics non-destructively analyzes gunshot residue, glass, paint, and soil to link suspects to crime scenes with rapid, on-site elemental analysis.
Learn how XRF uses X-ray excitation to identify elements via unique fluorescent fingerprints, enabling non-destructive material composition analysis.
Learn how XRF analyzer accuracy works, from ppm to 100% detection, and key factors influencing results for materials testing and analysis.
Learn how XRF thickness measurement works using X-ray fluorescence to analyze coating thickness without contact. Ideal for quality control of metallic platings.
Learn how sample prep, calibration & matrix effects determine XRF accuracy. Achieve results within 1-5% of true values for your lab needs.
Learn the 3 key sources of XRF error: sample effects, instrument drift, and calibration. Optimize your analysis for accuracy and reliability.
Explore the diverse applications of FTIR spectroscopy for material identification, quality control, and analysis in pharmaceuticals, forensics, and more.
Explore the key uses of FTIR spectroscopy in quality control, polymer analysis, pharmaceuticals, and forensics for reliable material identification.
Learn about FTIR spectroscopy limitations, including poor trace sensitivity, water interference, and inability to analyze IR-inactive molecules.
Learn the 3-stage FTIR analysis process: background scan, sample prep, and data acquisition. Master ATR, KBr pellets, and salt plates for accurate molecular identification.
Explore alternatives to FTIR like Raman, NMR, MS, and XRD. Learn how to choose the best technique for your specific analytical needs.
Learn the key FTIR sample prep methods: KBr pellets, ATR, and reflectance. Match your sample type for accurate, efficient analysis.
Learn key FTIR precautions: protect optics from moisture, prepare samples correctly, and perform background scans for accurate, repeatable spectra.
Learn the essential materials for FTIR analysis, from IR-transparent salt plates to ATR crystals, for accurate sample preparation and reliable results.
Learn the best methods for FTIR sample preparation for solids, liquids, and gases. Compare KBr pellets, ATR, and transmission cells to get high-quality results.
Discover how KBr pellets enable transparent sample preparation for FTIR, ensuring accurate chemical fingerprinting of solid materials without interference.
FTIR reads molecular vibrations by measuring infrared light absorption, providing a unique chemical fingerprint for material identification and analysis.
Discover why FTIR replaced traditional IR with superior speed, sensitivity, and accuracy. Learn the key differences in instrumentation and performance.
FTIR measures infrared light absorption to identify functional groups and molecular structure, providing a chemical fingerprint for material analysis.
Learn how FTIR spectroscopy works to identify unknown materials and confirm chemical composition through unique infrared absorption patterns.
Learn how to prepare solids, liquids, and gases for IR spectroscopy analysis using KBr pellets, ATR, mulls, and gas cells for accurate results.
Explore FTIR microspectroscopy for IR imaging of biological samples. Learn how to overcome water interference and map proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Explore IR spectroscopy sampling techniques: KBr pellets, mulls, liquid cells, and modern ATR for solids, liquids, and aqueous solutions.
Discover how IR spectroscopy is used in pharmaceuticals, forensics, food safety, and materials science for rapid, non-destructive chemical analysis.
Learn the core IR spectroscopy techniques for solids, liquids, and gases. Choose the right sample prep method for accurate identification and analysis.
Learn why Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometers are the industry standard for fast, accurate chemical analysis in labs worldwide.
Learn the 4 essential components of an IR spectrometer: source, interferometer, sample, and detector. Understand how FTIR works for accurate chemical analysis.
Learn the key IR sample prep methods for solids (KBr pellets), liquids (thin films), and gases. Avoid common pitfalls for clear, accurate spectra.
Discover how IR spectroscopy analyzes solids, liquids, and gases. Learn key sample preparation techniques for accurate results in your lab.
Learn why KBr is the ideal IR-transparent matrix for solid sample analysis, ensuring accurate spectra without interference from the holder material.
Explore the main IR spectroscopy techniques: Transmission, ATR, Specular & Diffuse Reflectance. Learn how to choose the best method for your sample type.
Explore the key limitations of IR spectroscopy, including dipole moment rules, water interference, and qualitative constraints for effective molecular analysis.
Discover the key advantages of IR spectrophotometry: fast functional group identification, non-destructive analysis, and versatile sample handling for labs.
Potassium bromide is a CNS depressant with a high risk of chronic toxicity (bromism). Learn why it's no longer used in human medicine.
KBR technology refers to licensed industrial processes for ammonia, refining, and olefins production. Learn how KBR's proprietary designs power global industries.
Learn how concentration impacts IR peak intensity and shape, and understand the limitations of the Beer-Lambert Law for accurate spectroscopy.
Discover the minimal risks of IR spectroscopy and learn how to mitigate the real hazards from sample preparation, chemicals, and ancillary equipment.
Learn the best solvents for IR spectroscopy like CCl₄ and CS₂, their IR windows, and how to avoid interference for accurate analysis.
Learn how the Nujol method simplifies IR analysis of solids by reducing light scattering. Understand its advantages, limitations, and ideal applications.
Learn the top causes of IR spectroscopy errors: poor sample prep, atmospheric interference, and background issues. Improve your technique for reliable results.
Learn the exact sample amounts for IR spectroscopy: 1-2 mg for KBr pellets, a single drop for thin films, and minimal amounts for ATR.
Discover the core components and advantages of FT-IR spectrometers, the modern standard for fast, precise infrared spectroscopy and chemical analysis.
Learn how FTIR spectrometers work, their key components, and why they are the standard instrument for modern chemical identification and analysis.
Learn how FTIR spectroscopy assesses purity by detecting unique chemical fingerprints of impurities, including its capabilities and key limitations.
Discover why potassium bromide (KBr) is the standard for FTIR sample prep: IR transparency, pellet formation, and key trade-offs like hygroscopicity.
Learn why KBr is the ideal matrix for FTIR spectroscopy: IR transparency, chemical inertness, and mechanical properties for precise sample analysis.
Learn why KBr is the standard for FTIR sample preparation. Discover how KBr pellets enable accurate analysis of solid materials in spectroscopy.
Discover the best alternatives to KBr for IR spectroscopy, including AgCl for aqueous samples and NaCl for cost-effective applications. Learn how to avoid moisture interference.
Learn why KBr is the standard for FTIR sample prep: its IR transparency, inertness, and ability to create uniform pellets for clear spectra.
Learn why KBr is essential for FTIR sample prep: it provides IR transparency, dilutes samples for accurate measurement, and enables pellet formation for solid analysis.
Learn the standard 1:100 sample-to-KBr ratio for FTIR analysis, including preparation steps, common pitfalls, and troubleshooting tips for clear spectra.
Learn how KBr pellets enable clear FTIR spectra by providing an IR-transparent matrix for solid samples, ensuring accurate and reproducible results.
KBr is IR-transparent in the mid-IR range, making it ideal for sample pellets. Learn how to handle its hygroscopic nature for accurate FTIR analysis.
Learn why KBr's IR transparency makes it ideal for sample preparation in IR spectroscopy, enabling accurate analysis without matrix interference.
Learn how to choose the best FTIR solvent (like CS₂ or CHCl₃) based on your sample's chemical structure and spectral region to avoid interference.
Discover why KBr's IR transparency and pellet-forming ability make it ideal for sample analysis in infrared spectroscopy, ensuring accurate results.