Learn how to calculate the energy needed to melt a sample using the heat of fusion equation (q = m * ΔH_f), including common pitfalls and step-by-step examples.
Learn to calculate real-world coating coverage by factoring in volume solids, transfer efficiency, and application losses for precise project estimates.
Explore how vacuum deposition applies ultra-thin, pure films for optics, electronics, protective coatings, and packaging in a clean vacuum environment.
Learn why argon gas is essential for sputtering: it creates ions to sputter target atoms, ensuring high-purity, uniform thin films for various applications.
Learn how sputtering yield—atoms ejected per ion—controls thin-film deposition speed and quality. Optimize your process with key factors like ion energy and mass.
Learn how vacuum sputtering deposits ultra-thin, high-purity coatings for semiconductors, optics, and more. Understand the process and its applications.