Explore how radioactive substances are used in medicine, industry, and science for diagnostics, energy, and dating. Learn about key isotopes and safety.
Explore the materials used in optical coatings, including metal oxides, fluorides, nitrides, and pure metals, chosen for their refractive index and durability.
Learn the critical role of the substrate in CVD, from silicon wafers for electronics to catalytic metals for graphene growth, and how it impacts film quality.
Learn about CVD substrate materials like silicon wafers, sapphire, and glass. Understand their critical role in thin film quality, performance, and process stability.
Discover how optical thin films use interference to create anti-reflective coatings, high-reflectivity mirrors, filters, and more for lenses, solar panels, and instruments.
Learn the correct sample prep methods for molecular, X-ray, and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy to ensure homogenous, representative, and accurate measurements.
FTIR reads molecular vibrations by measuring infrared light absorption, providing a unique chemical fingerprint for material identification and analysis.
Learn the safe operating temperatures for quartz windows: 1100°C short-term limit vs. 1000°C for continuous use to prevent devitrification and failure.
Avoid irreversible damage to glassy carbon sheets. Learn the strict prohibitions for handling, chemicals, and electrical limits to ensure reliable performance.
Discover the key benefits of handheld XRF analyzers: portability for on-site use, rapid non-destructive testing, and immediate material identification.
Learn the 3-stage FTIR analysis process: background scan, sample prep, and data acquisition. Master ATR, KBr pellets, and salt plates for accurate molecular identification.
Learn the core IR spectroscopy techniques for solids, liquids, and gases. Choose the right sample prep method for accurate identification and analysis.
Discover the key advantages of IR spectrophotometry: fast functional group identification, non-destructive analysis, and versatile sample handling for labs.
Learn essential FTIR precautions to protect sensitive optics, ensure accurate sample prep, and maintain data integrity. Avoid common pitfalls for reliable results.
Learn about MOCVD precursors: volatile metalorganic compounds and hydrides used as source materials for high-purity thin film growth in semiconductor manufacturing.
Discover the key industries and products that use titanium, from aerospace and medical implants to marine and consumer goods, driven by its unique properties.
Learn how thermal insulating materials work by resisting heat conduction, convection, and radiation. Discover the best materials for your project's needs.
Discover how SiC semiconductors enable more efficient, compact, and robust power electronics for electric vehicles, renewable energy, and industrial applications.
Explore alternatives to XRF like ICP, OES, and LIBS. Compare sensitivity, sample prep, and cost to find the best elemental analysis method for your needs.
Explore the diverse applications of FTIR spectroscopy for material identification, quality control, and analysis in pharmaceuticals, forensics, and more.
Learn the top causes of IR spectroscopy errors: poor sample prep, atmospheric interference, and background issues. Improve your technique for reliable results.
Discover the full detection range of handheld XRF analyzers, from heavy metals to light elements, and learn their practical applications and limitations.
Micro-XRF has no required sample mass. Learn how spot size, surface quality, and sample preparation define analysis success for accurate elemental mapping.
GFAAS uses a precise temperature program from 100°C to 3000°C for drying, ashing, atomization, and cleaning. Learn how to optimize it for your analysis.
Learn which materials are ideal for induction heating, from ferromagnetic metals to challenging conductors like copper and aluminum, and understand the key principles for success.
Discover the roles of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in biomass. Learn how their structure creates recalcitrance and impacts biofuel production and material science.
Graphite's thermal conductivity at room temperature varies widely (25-2000 W/m·K) due to its anisotropic structure. Learn how to choose the right grade for your application.
Discover how chromium's reactive nature forms a self-healing, passive oxide layer that provides superior corrosion resistance for industrial and decorative applications.
Learn why SiC's thermal conductivity (120-490 W/m·K) makes it ideal for high-power and high-temperature applications, not a single thermal resistance value.
Learn how to measure thin film optical properties like thickness, refractive index, and extinction coefficient using spectroscopic ellipsometry and complementary techniques.
Discover the radiant efficiency of quartz heating elements. Learn how short-wave (96%) vs. medium-wave (60%) heaters impact performance and energy use.
Learn about graphene's thermal stability in air, from 500°C for single-layer to 600°C for bilayer, and how to choose the right type for your application.
Learn the key factors affecting ceramic fiber life, from temperature to chemical attack, and discover how to extend its service life in your application.
Explore the main drawbacks of ceramic fiber insulation, including physical fragility, susceptibility to erosion, and critical health risks from fiber dust.
Explore FTIR microspectroscopy for IR imaging of biological samples. Learn how to overcome water interference and map proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Learn the 4 essential components of an IR spectrometer: source, interferometer, sample, and detector. Understand how FTIR works for accurate chemical analysis.
Explore the key limitations of ATR-FTIR, including surface-only analysis, contact requirements, and spectral artifacts for accurate material identification.
Discover why modern XRF analyzers are radiation-safe with built-in safety features like proximity sensors and interlocks, when used correctly by trained operators.